{"id":2258,"date":"2016-05-17T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-05-17T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2258"},"modified":"2025-06-13T20:20:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T03:20:32","slug":"using-covering-indexes-on-a-multiple-document-type-bucket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/using-covering-indexes-on-a-multiple-document-type-bucket\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Covering Indexes on a Multiple Document Type Bucket"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I was recently working on a project that made use of N1QL for querying <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.couchbase.com\/server\/?utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=blogs\">Couchbase Server<\/a> data. This was an internal Java application that I was hosting on a low budget Amazon EC2 instance. My problem here is that my queries were running incredibly slow. The reason for this was that I only had a primary index that was very generic.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;re going to take a look at what I did to speed up my queries and some of the things I had to consider during the process.<\/p>\n<p>First off, it is probably a good idea to share what version of Couchbase Server I am using. I am using Couchbase Server 4.1 on my low powered machine. The bucket I&#8217;m working with has around 100,000 documents in it of varying types. Not that it matters for this article, but the application that accesses this data was built in Java using the Couchbase Java SDK.<\/p>\n<p>With my setup out of the way, let me share one of the queries I was running:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nSELECT\r\n    MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12') AS tweetDate,\r\n    COUNT(*) AS count\r\nFROM `default`\r\nWHERE type='tweet'\r\nGROUP BY MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12')\r\nORDER BY tweetDate ASC\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>This query would return the total number of Tweets that I had saved for any particular date. Time information was not important for me. Note that at the start I only had a single index, being my primary index. The above query would take quite some time to run.<\/p>\n<p>This is where I started to re-evaluate my strategy.<\/p>\n<p>I decided to take advantage of covering indexes that were made available in Couchbase 4.1. This is when we make an index that covers all properties that will be used within a query. My <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/n1ql\/n1ql-language-reference\/createindex.html\">index creation<\/a> statement for the previous query looked like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nCREATE INDEX twitter_by_date ON `default` (date, type)\r\nWHERE type = 'tweet'\r\nUSING GSI;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Yes, I am doing aggregations, but at the end of the day I&#8217;m only querying based on the <code>date<\/code> and <code>type<\/code> properties. So I ran the query again with the covering index, but saw no change in performance.<\/p>\n<p>This lead me to running an <code>EXPLAIN<\/code> on the query itself to troubleshoot what was going on.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nEXPLAIN SELECT\r\n    MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12') AS tweetDate,\r\n    COUNT(*) AS count\r\nFROM `default`\r\nWHERE type='tweet'\r\nGROUP BY MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12')\r\nORDER BY tweetDate ASC\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>When I saw the query breakdown that <code>EXPLAIN<\/code> provided me, I could see that it was still trying to use the <code>#primary<\/code> index that I had originally created. This is even after I validated that the covering index now existed in Couchbase.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/original-assets\/2016\/may\/using-covering-indexes-on-a-multiple-document-type-bucket\/twitter-not-covering.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Then I remembered that the Twitter documents weren&#8217;t the only types of data that existed in my bucket. In other words, not all documents had a property called <code>date<\/code> and not all documents had a property <code>type<\/code> that matched <strong>tweet<\/strong>. I now had to revise the query that I wanted to run to check for these scenarios.<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nSELECT\r\n    MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12') AS tweetDate,\r\n    COUNT(*) AS count\r\nFROM `default`\r\nWHERE type='tweet' AND date IS NOT MISSING\r\nGROUP BY MILLIS_TO_UTC(date, '2006-01-12')\r\nORDER BY tweetDate ASC\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In the above query, notice in particular how I added <code>AND date IS NOT MISSING<\/code>. I&#8217;m first checking that the <code>date<\/code> property exists. We were already checking that property <code>type<\/code> matched <strong>tweet<\/strong>, but were missing the other piece.<\/p>\n<p>After running the query again, it was significantly faster. When I included <code>EXPLAIN<\/code> I could immediately see that the query was now using the covering index rather than the primary index.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/original-assets\/2016\/may\/using-covering-indexes-on-a-multiple-document-type-bucket\/twitter-covering.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To learn more about covering indexes, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/developers\/?utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=blogs\">Couchbase Developer Portal<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I was recently working on a project that made use of N1QL for querying Couchbase Server data. This was an internal Java application that I was hosting on a low budget Amazon EC2 instance. My problem here is that my [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1815,1816,9417,1812],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[9032],"class_list":["post-2258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-best-practices-and-tutorials","category-couchbase-server","category-performance","category-n1ql-query"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Using Covering Indexes on a Multiple Document Type Bucket - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/using-covering-indexes-on-a-multiple-document-type-bucket\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using Covering Indexes on a Multiple Document Type Bucket\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I was recently working on a project that made use of N1QL for querying Couchbase Server data. 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