{"id":2171,"date":"2016-02-25T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-02-25T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2171"},"modified":"2025-06-13T21:40:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T04:40:28","slug":"load-nested-models-with-ottoman-when-a-parent-model-is-found-in-nodejs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/load-nested-models-with-ottoman-when-a-parent-model-is-found-in-nodejs\/","title":{"rendered":"Load Nested Models With Ottoman When A Parent Model Is Found In Node.js"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Previously I wrote about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/easily-develop-node.js-and-couchbase-apps-with-ottoman\/\">easily<br \/>\ndeveloping Node.js and Couchbase apps using Ottoman<\/a> for ODM. That post was just a taste of what Ottoman can do and how you<br \/>\ncan compare it to the things Mongoose can do with MongoDB.<\/p>\n<p>This time we&#8217;re going to go a step further and see some use cases that makes Ottoman shine.<\/p>\n<p>The Node.js SDK for Couchbase has many different ways to work with documents. CRUD operations, N1QL queries, Couchbase Views, these<br \/>\nare all great things to use, but what happens when your data gets really wild. By wild I mean you have documents with referred<br \/>\nrelationships and complex structures. You could use Couchbase Views and CRUD operations, but if your relationships are complex, you&#8217;re<br \/>\ngoing to have a lot of Node.js code for data manipulations. You could use N1QL queries, but with complex relationships you&#8217;re going<br \/>\nto be left with huge complicated queries with a lot of joins. What do you do?<\/p>\n<h2>Some Modeling Examples<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say we&#8217;re working with the following document models. We&#8217;re going to assume this application is some kind of project management<br \/>\napplicaiton.<\/p>\n<h3>A Project Model<\/h3>\n<p>Given that we are creating projects, we&#8217;ll not only need information about the project itself, but who is a part of the project. Take the<br \/>\nfollowing Ottoman model as a sample:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nvar ProjectMdl = ottoman.model(\"Project\", {\r\n    name: \"string\",\r\n    description: \"string\",\r\n    owner: { ref: \"User\" },\r\n    users: [\r\n        { ref: \"User\" }\r\n    ]\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In the above model, the <code>owner<\/code> is a different Ottoman model called <strong>User<\/strong>, but the <code>users<\/code> is an<br \/>\narray of that <strong>User<\/strong> model.<\/p>\n<h3>A User Model<\/h3>\n<p>With the project model in place we need to define the user model in Ottoman. It might look something like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nvar UserMdl = ottoman.model(\"User\", {\r\n    name: {\r\n        first: \"string\",\r\n        last: \"string\"\r\n    },\r\n    email: \"string\"\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The above user model is just standard string data. There are no references to other models like we saw in the project model. Now we<br \/>\nhave to worry about querying these two models in the best fashion.<\/p>\n<h2>Querying Deep With Ottoman<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say we wanted to query for projects within our application. This query would typically look something like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nProjectMdl.getById(\"ID_HERE\", function(error, project) {\r\n    if(error) {\r\n        return res.status(400).send(error);\r\n    }\r\n    res.send(project);\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The results to this query might look something like the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n{\r\n    name: \"My Project\",\r\n    description: \"This is a description to my project\",\r\n    owner: {\r\n        \"_type\": \"user\",\r\n        \"$ref\": \"1234\"\r\n    },\r\n    users: [\r\n        {\r\n            \"_type\": \"user\",\r\n            \"$ref\": \"1234\"\r\n        },\r\n        {\r\n            \"_type\": \"user\",\r\n            \"$ref\": \"4321\"\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>What&#8217;s wrong here? Well, the query only loaded a shallow amount of data. For example, none of the actual user information loaded,<br \/>\nonly the references to those user documents.<\/p>\n<p>So how can we deep query for the other documents? Take a look at this revision to our query:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nProjectMdl.getById(\"ID_HERE\", {load: [\"users\"]}, function(error, project) {\r\n    if(error) {\r\n        return res.status(400).send(error);\r\n    }\r\n    res.send(project);\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Notice the use of <code>{load: [\"users\"]}<\/code> in this case. This means that we want to load all the user models in the array<br \/>\nwhen we run our query. How about if we wanted to load the owner documents as well? We would do something like<br \/>\n<code>{load: [\"users\", \"owner\"]}<\/code> to load them as well.<\/p>\n<h2>Complicating the Ottoman Model<\/h2>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s change our data model a bit. Let&#8217;s say our project Ottoman model now looks like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nvar ProjectMdl = ottoman.model(\"Project\", {\r\n    name: \"string\",\r\n    description: \"string\",\r\n    owner: { ref: \"User\" },\r\n    comments: [\r\n        {\r\n            message: \"string\",\r\n            user: { ref: \"User\" }\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Instead of an array of Ottoman models we&#8217;re now working with an array of objects that happen to contain an Ottoman model.<\/p>\n<h2>Changing our Deep Ottoman Query<\/h2>\n<p>With the change to our data model comes a change to our query. It doesn&#8217;t make sense to do <code>{load: [\"comments\"]}<\/code> because<br \/>\n<code>comments<\/code> is not an Ottoman model. There is nothing to load. Instead we have to change our query to look like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\nProjectMdl.getById(\"ID_HERE\", {load: [\"owner\", \"comments[*].user\"]}, function(error, project) {\r\n    if(error) {\r\n        return res.status(400).send(error);\r\n    }\r\n    res.send(project);\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Notice the use of <code>comments[*].user<\/code> above. We are loading the user model that exists in all object elements of the<br \/>\narray.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>You just saw how to load child models all within a single query. While very possible using a N1QL query, it would take a few<br \/>\n<code>JOIN<\/code> statements to get the job done. It comes down to your preference, but if you enjoy the ODM approach, Ottoman<br \/>\nand the <code>load<\/code> option is a great choice.<\/p>\n<p>A full working example of this can be seen in the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/couchbaselabs\/comply\">compiance GitHub project<\/a> as<br \/>\nwell as in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/nosql-resources\/events\/2016\/january\/building-a-full-stack-application-with-nosql-node.js-and-angular-2-us\/\">webinar series<\/a> that I did on full stack development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Previously I wrote about easily developing Node.js and Couchbase apps using Ottoman for ODM. That post was just a taste of what Ottoman can do and how you can compare it to the things Mongoose can do with MongoDB. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1816,1822,10128,1812],"tags":[1510],"ppma_author":[9032],"class_list":["post-2171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-couchbase-server","category-node-js","category-ottoman","category-n1ql-query","tag-odm"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v26.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Load Nested Models With Ottoman When A Parent Model Is Found In Node.js - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/load-nested-models-with-ottoman-when-a-parent-model-is-found-in-nodejs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Load Nested Models With Ottoman When A Parent Model Is Found In Node.js\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Previously I wrote about easily developing Node.js and Couchbase apps using Ottoman for ODM. 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