{"id":2090,"date":"2015-10-27T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-27T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2090"},"modified":"2025-06-13T23:54:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T06:54:02","slug":"developing-an-application-with-couchbase-and-java","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/developing-an-application-with-couchbase-and-java\/","title":{"rendered":"Developing an Application With Couchbase and Java"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A few months back I wrote a thorough tutorial on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/traveling-with-couchbase-using-the-java-sdk\/\">how to use<br \/>\nthe Couchbase Java SDK to create an application<\/a> around the Couchbase 4.0 sample data. However, I never explained the thought process<br \/>\nbehind developing such an application or why the Couchbase Java SDK is so convenient.<\/p>\n<p>With this article I plan to walk through the thought process behind designing an application and then<br \/>\nhow you might develop it with Java and Couchbase. Of course it won&#8217;t be as thorough as my tutorial, but viewing them<br \/>\ntogether will definitely put you on the right track.<\/p>\n<h2>Crafting a Design Process<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s assume you want to build the next great travel booking application. You&#8217;ve got the great idea,<br \/>\nbut aren&#8217;t sure what kind of process to follow for executing the idea. It is probably a good idea<br \/>\nto break the idea up into parts.<\/p>\n<p>More than likely your travel booking application will contain the following three parts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A backend API layer<\/li>\n<li>A client-facing UI layer<\/li>\n<li>A data layer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So let&#8217;s talk about each layer a bit more.<\/p>\n<h3>The Data Layer<\/h3>\n<p>A database, in this case Couchbase, will act as the data layer of your application. Why are we choosing<br \/>\nto use Couchbase as our NoSQL database, or for that matter, our database in general? I&#8217;ll brush in this soon,<br \/>\nbut in short, we&#8217;re using NoSQL because our application will be RESTful and serve JSON data. We&#8217;re using<br \/>\nCouchbase because we want the freedom to use SQL queries or key-value (k-v) operations.<\/p>\n<h4>SQL and Key-Values in NoSQL?<\/h4>\n<p>With NoSQL document databases, each of your documents have a lookup key or id. When supplying the key in the<br \/>\nlookup, you get a value or in our case JSON data. If you&#8217;re new to databases this concept might not be too<br \/>\ndifficult to grasp, but if you&#8217;re coming from a database like Oracle or MySQL it could sound like pure<br \/>\ncraziness.<\/p>\n<p>In relational database management systems (RDBMS) like Oracle or SQL Server if you want to get data from the<br \/>\ndatabase you can run SQL queries.<\/p>\n<p>With Couchbase 4.0, you now have what is called N1QL which allows you to run SQL queries against your NoSQL<br \/>\ndatabase while leaving you with the option to use key-value lookups as well. Best of both worlds by being<br \/>\nable to make the choice yourself.<\/p>\n<h4>Some Sample Documents<\/h4>\n<p>Being that this is a travel booking application, you are probably going to be working with airline<br \/>\ninformation, and airport information. Of course you will probably have plenty of other information, but<br \/>\nfor the sake of this article, it doesn&#8217;t really matter.<\/p>\n<p>Based on what we know we need to accomplish, the NoSQL documents for our data can look something like<br \/>\nthis:<\/p>\n<h5>Airports<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">\r\n{\r\n    \"type\": \"airport\",\r\n    \"name\": \"San Francisco International\",\r\n    \"tag\": \"SFO\"\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5>Airlines<\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">\r\n{\r\n    \"type\": \"airline\",\r\n    \"name\": \"United Airlines\"\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Each of those JSON documents will probably contain plenty of other information in reality, but the slimmed down<br \/>\nversions above should be fine.<\/p>\n<p>We now should have enough information about our data layer to start learning about the backend layer.<\/p>\n<h3>The Backend API Layer<\/h3>\n<p>The whole purpose behind the backend is to serve as a bridge between your data and the UI that every user<br \/>\nusing your application sees on their screen. In this case, the backend would be Java.<\/p>\n<p>The Java layer will make requests against the database, format the responses, and then return them back<br \/>\nto the end user for displaying. The end user making the requests to the Java layer will do so via endpoints<br \/>\nin the backend. Think of an endpoint as a different URL in your application, each responding with<br \/>\ndifferent data.<\/p>\n<h3>The client-facing UI layer<\/h3>\n<p>The purpose behind the client-facing UI layer is to give the end user something pleasant to work with rather<br \/>\nthan processing raw code. Someone visiting a travel website like Expedia may not have any developer<br \/>\nexperience at all. The front-end layer will normally consist of a language like AngularJS, ReactJS, or<br \/>\njQuery.<\/p>\n<h2>Developing the Application<\/h2>\n<p>We know that our development process is going to be split into parts. Primarily, a front-end and a<br \/>\nback-end. Instead of building the full application from scratch we&#8217;re going to talk about what is<br \/>\nnecessary to accomplish each part.<\/p>\n<h3>Serving a RESTful API<\/h3>\n<p>Out of the box you&#8217;ll find that Java can&#8217;t accept and respond to HTTP requests. There are many options<br \/>\nfor accomplishing this, but one option might be to use Spring Boot because you can quickly get an API<br \/>\nrunning. With Spring Boot, you might create API endpoints that look like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">\r\n@RequestMapping(value=\"\/airline\", method= RequestMethod.GET)\r\npublic Object login(@RequestParam String airlineid) {\r\n    \/\/ Process the request\r\n    \/\/ Return a response\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>If the user hits <strong>www.yourapp.com\/airline<\/strong> in their browser or front-end application, the<br \/>\n<strong>airlineid<\/strong> passed will be processed with some logic that you define and then some response<br \/>\ndata is returned. The logic you define, might involve querying for data.<\/p>\n<h3>Querying for Data<\/h3>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say you have a few of each document type in your Couchbase database. By each document type I mean<br \/>\n<strong>airport<\/strong> and <strong>airline<\/strong>. Now let&#8217;s say your Java back-end received a<br \/>\nrequest from your front-end to get information about the <strong>United<\/strong> airliner. We have two<br \/>\noptions for getting this information:<\/p>\n<h4>Getting an Airline with K-V Lookup<\/h4>\n<p>Below we&#8217;re assuming that each airline document is prefixed with the key name <strong>airline::<\/strong> and<br \/>\nthat the <strong>airlineid<\/strong> was passed from the front-end.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">\r\nJsonDocument doc = bucket.get(\"airline::\" + airlineid);\r\nJsonObject responseContent = JsonObject.create().put(\"data\", doc.content());\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>We&#8217;re doing a lookup based on that compound key and creating a JsonObject out of the result. At this point<br \/>\nwe can craft some Java code to return the result back to the front-end.<\/p>\n<h4>Getting an Airline with N1QL<\/h4>\n<p>Just like with the k-v lookup, we&#8217;re assuming the document keys are compound and are prefixed with<br \/>\n<strong>airline::<\/strong>. We are also assuming the key id is passed from the front-end.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">\r\nQueryResult result = bucket.query(\"SELECT * FROM `\" + bucket.name() + \"` AS a WHERE META(a).ID = 'airline::\" + airlineid + \"'\");\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Above is a N1QL query which is very similar to what you&#8217;d find with SQL. Both options are valid for<br \/>\nobtaining information about the airline. However, in scenarios where you are querying data from different<br \/>\ndocument types (a join maybe), it may be more beneficial to use N1QL rather than lookups. The reasons<br \/>\nbeing:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Couchbase Server does all the heavy lifting rather than the back-end<\/li>\n<li>Less code in your back-end<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Wrapping It Up<\/h2>\n<p>You&#8217;ve gotten a taste of what is necessary to serve HTTP endpoints in Java and how to query for data via<br \/>\nthe Java back-end, but where does that leave us now?<\/p>\n<p>You just need to add more endpoints to your Java API, each of which performing different queries or<br \/>\nlookups against Couchbase.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>When designing a web application you&#8217;re going to have several layers that play together. Couchbase is always<br \/>\na good choice because it is a JSON document database thus making APIs easy to craft. The Couchbase Java<br \/>\nSDK is great because you are left with plenty of simple options for querying data.<\/p>\n<p>Although this wasn&#8217;t a thorough create an application from start to finish type of article, I recommend<br \/>\nyou check out the tutorial I wrote regarding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/traveling-with-couchbase-using-the-java-sdk\/\">creating a travel<br \/>\napplication<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A few months back I wrote a thorough tutorial on how to use the Couchbase Java SDK to create an application around the Couchbase 4.0 sample data. However, I never explained the thought process behind developing such an application or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1812],"tags":[1725],"ppma_author":[9032],"class_list":["post-2090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-n1ql-query","tag-nosql-database"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Develop an Application With Couchbase &amp; Java - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/developing-an-application-with-couchbase-and-java\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Developing an Application With Couchbase and Java\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A few months back I wrote a thorough tutorial on how to use the Couchbase Java SDK to create an application around the Couchbase 4.0 sample data. 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