{"id":10036,"date":"2020-12-16T19:12:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T03:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=10036"},"modified":"2025-06-13T18:43:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T01:43:57","slug":"nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/","title":{"rendered":"NoSQL Is Dead, Long Live NoSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Dynamo accelerated the NoSQL revolution that\u2019s driving the database industry.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Recently, Amazon<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/aws-starts-gluing-the-gaps-between-its-databases\/\">\u00a0announced<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/amazondynamodb\/latest\/developerguide\/ql-reference.html\">\u00a0PartiQL &#8211; A SQL-Compatible Query Language<\/a>\u00a0for their flagship NoSQL database Amazon DynamoDB. This has brought the NoSQL \u201cre:evolution\u201d full circle. It\u2019s wonderful to see the collaborative research from<a href=\"https:\/\/cse.ucsd.edu\/about\/news\/cse-professor-collaborates-couchbase-next-generation-query-language-big-data\">\u00a0UCSD and Couchbase<\/a>\u00a0enabling the industry to move forward.<\/p>\n<p>NoSQL had a good run.<a href=\"https:\/\/static.googleusercontent.com\/media\/research.google.com\/en\/\/archive\/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf\">\u00a0MapReduce<\/a> triggered it in 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allthingsdistributed.com\/files\/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf\">Dynamo<\/a>\u00a0 and <a href=\"https:\/\/static.googleusercontent.com\/media\/research.google.com\/en\/\/archive\/bigtable-osdi06.pdf\">BigTable<\/a>\u00a0 accelerated it in 2007. NoSQL meant no support for SQL, no support for multi-document transactions, no schema management, no procedural language, and many more No\u2019s. However, NoSQL wasn\u2019t a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebel_Without_a_Cause\">\u00a0rebel without a cause<\/a>. It promised reliability, scalability, and flexibility. Someone quipped: \u201cIf you are not ready to scale, you\u2019re not ready to succeed!\u201d. To the amusement of SQL folks, MongoDB claimed it\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b2F-DItXtZs\">\u00a0webscale<\/a>. Despite the<a href=\"https:\/\/dsf.berkeley.edu\/cs286\/papers\/backwards-vertica2008.pdf\">\u00a0reservations and opposition<\/a>\u00a0from the database community, the NoSQL movement marched on. Many wondered if it\u2019s useful for Amazon, Google, and Facebook, who else would find it useful?<\/p>\n<p>Here we are. With more than<a href=\"https:\/\/hostingdata.co.uk\/nosql-database\/\">\u00a0200 NoSQL<\/a>\u00a0databases.<\/p>\n<p>NoSQL systems haven\u2019t remained simple key-value stores with get\/set, map\/reduce operations. MongoDB added an aggregation<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/core\/aggregation-pipeline\/\">\u00a0framework,<\/a>\u00a0a modern<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/core\/wiredtiger\/\">\u00a0storage engine<\/a>, and dropped<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/blog\/post\/multi-document-transactions-in-mongodb\">\u00a0ACID<\/a>. DynamoDB added<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/amazondynamodb\/latest\/developerguide\/transactions.html\">\u00a0transactions<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/amazondynamodb\/latest\/developerguide\/SecondaryIndexes.html\">\u00a0indexes<\/a>, and now a SQL-like language. Cassandra started with<a href=\"https:\/\/cassandra.apache.org\/doc\/latest\/cql\/#\">\u00a0CQL<\/a>, an SQL-like language, made significant changes with 3.0, and has been adding new datatypes, DDLs and DMLs. Couchbase started with<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/rest-api\/rest-endpoints-all.html\">\u00a0simple APIs<\/a>, added<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/learn\/views\/views-writing.html\">\u00a0views<\/a>. In 2015, Couchbase introduced<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/n1ql\/n1ql-language-reference\/index.html\">\u00a0N1QL<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; SQL for JSON, global secondary<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/learn\/services-and-indexes\/indexes\/indexing-and-query-perf.html\">\u00a0indexes<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/server\/current\/analytics\/introduction.html\">\u00a0and later added analytical service<\/a>\u00a0with N1QL support, and distributed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/couchbase-transactions-with-n1ql\/\">\u00a0transactions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re read\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Innovators-Dilemma-Technologies-Management-Innovation\/dp\/1633691780\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=ZFLBFAO2Q9KK&amp;dchild=1&amp;keywords=innovators+dilemma&amp;qid=1607761995&amp;sprefix=innovator%2Caps%2C237&amp;sr=8-1\">The Innovator\u2019s Dilemma<\/a>, it should remind you of the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.christenseninstitute.org\/blog\/corona-lexus-toyotas-ascent-care\/\">\u00a0Toyota<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2012\/05\/14\/when-giants-fail\">mini mills<\/a>\u00a0stories. Incumbents left the low end of the market to Toyota Corona and mini mills which freed them to focus on higher margin markets. In the database industry, the Incumbents regarded NoSQL with the same<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eweek.com\/database\/oracle-defends-relational-dbs-against-nosql-competitors\">\u00a0derision<\/a>\u00a0or claimed they had SQL-less databases a long time ago! Still, there have been some half-hearted attempts by the incumbents to get into the market. Oracle even invested in NoSQL by buying<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/corporate\/acquisitions\/sleepycat\/\">\u00a0Sleepycat Software<\/a>, maker of the BerkeleyDB NoSQL database. IBM added JSON and MongoDB support to<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.slideshare.net\/journalofinformix\/informix-nosql-hybrid-sql-detailed-deep-dive\">\u00a0Informix<\/a>\u00a0and<a href=\"https:\/\/developer.ibm.com\/articles\/dm-1306nosqlforjson1\/\">\u00a0DB2<\/a>. This is the equivalent of GM releasing the<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geo_Metro\">\u00a0Geo Metro<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; let\u2019s release a basic model at the lower end of the market and be done with it. Microsoft probably made the best attempt by building\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/free\/cosmos-db\/search\/?&amp;ef_id=Cj0KCQiA8dH-BRD_ARIsAC24umbK3NJFza5wzkpOM9WPRjCbjCvF0ztsiLzfQmPOjNipZ8cneoQqcUIaAh3jEALw_wcB:G:s&amp;OCID=AID2100131_SEM_Cj0KCQiA8dH-BRD_ARIsAC24umbK3NJFza5wzkpOM9WPRjCbjCvF0ztsiLzfQmPOjNipZ8cneoQqcUIaAh3jEALw_wcB:G:s&amp;gclid=Cj0KCQiA8dH-BRD_ARIsAC24umbK3NJFza5wzkpOM9WPRjCbjCvF0ztsiLzfQmPOjNipZ8cneoQqcUIaAh3jEALw_wcB\">CosmosDB<\/a>\u00a0(formerly DocumentDB) from the ground up.<\/p>\n<p>NoSQL isn\u2019t simply the absence of SQL. Just like Toyota and mini mills, NoSQL has the core strengths. Toyota\u2019s strength was the single-mold frame which enabled them to produce the car in Japan, ship it 6000 miles and still be affordable for the low end of the car buyers. The single-mold frame also provided them the base to iterate and innovate to improve the car. Mini mills continue to move up the stack to produce better quality steel and the integrated steel mills usually responded by fleeing the market and avoiding competition. One fine day, GM filed bankruptcy and the integrated steel mills went out of business.<\/p>\n<p>So, what is the core differentiator of NoSQL? Distributed database from the core. Traditional RDBMS systems were built to run on a single machine and extended for hot-standby situations and then stretched for scale. NoSQL systems are designed to run on a cluster of machines from the get go. Hardware and software failures are expected and handled at a systemic level. In fact, COUCH in COUCHBASE stands for Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware. The core of NoSQL starts with a distributed database providing reliability and scale-out. Sure, there have been distributed database systems for 40 years. They focused on warehousing, not OLTP.<\/p>\n<p>NoSQL started with the measly get()\/set() APIs: just enough to cover the basic use cases with shopping carts, session stores, and profile managers. There was no way that their functionality could match the sophistication of SQL. The mockery of NoSQL from the traditional database vendors is<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rpkoCZ4vBSI&amp;t\">\u00a0reminiscent<\/a>\u00a0of the response from GM and integrated steel mills. The \u201chigh priests\u201d of Oracle and IBM were happy to seed this low end market to a bunch of \u201cknow nothings.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>NoSQL databases have since added indexes, SQL with joins, aggregates, window functions, search and transactions. OK. This is just Couchbase. But, others have some of these. At Couchbase, we work with customers migrating off Oracle, Db2, Informix, SQL Server, and Sybase. These are great databases, but their core is different. Built for one, extended for a few. NoSQL systems are built for massive scale and reliability. Even when the higher-level index, query, and search capabilities are added, this core still has to operate at scale and be reliable. With all these capabilities, NoSQL has become the mainstay in the enterprises.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/its-the-workload-stupid\/\">Mission-critical workloads<\/a>\u00a0and thousands of clusters routinely run\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/resources?content=videos&amp;query=connect\">Couchbase<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/world\/sessions\">MongoDB<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/elasticon\/global\/agenda\">Elastic<\/a>, and other NoSQL systems. NoSQL systems have made the modern database ready and affordable for modern enterprises.<\/p>\n<p>SQL itself has been<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql\/\">\u00a0unreasonably effective<\/a>. Many<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/the-unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql-in-nosql-databases\/\">\u00a0NoSQL systems have been extended<\/a>\u00a0to support many aspects of SQL. The competition between the NoSQL systems to provide better SQL &#8212; which means better syntax, functionality, performance, optimizer, and scale &#8212; is fierce. As these systems grow to create an even better database, let\u2019s welcome Amazon DynamoDB to the fold and say:\u00a0<em>NoSQL is dead, long live NoSQL<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allthingsdistributed.com\/files\/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf\">https:\/\/www.allthingsdistributed.com\/files\/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dzone.com\/articles\/keep-calm-and-query-json\">https:\/\/dzone.com\/articles\/keep-calm-and-query-json<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dzone.com\/articles\/keep-calm-and-json\">https:\/\/dzone.com\/articles\/keep-calm-and-json<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cassandra.apache.org\/doc\/latest\/architecture\/overview.html\">https:\/\/cassandra.apache.org\/doc\/latest\/architecture\/overview.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hostingdata.co.uk\/nosql-database\/\">https:\/\/hostingdata.co.uk\/nosql-database\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vldb.org\/pvldb\/vol2\/vldb09-938.pdf\">https:\/\/www.vldb.org\/pvldb\/vol2\/vldb09-938.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlestore.com\/blog\/why-nosql-databases-wrong-tool-for-modern-application\/\">https:\/\/www.singlestore.com\/blog\/why-nosql-databases-wrong-tool-for-modern-application\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql\/\">https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/the-unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql-in-nosql-databases\/\">https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/the-unreasonable-effectiveness-of-sql-in-nosql-databases\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dynamo accelerated the NoSQL revolution that\u2019s driving the database industry. Recently, Amazon\u00a0announced\u00a0PartiQL &#8211; A SQL-Compatible Query Language\u00a0for their flagship NoSQL database Amazon DynamoDB. This has brought the NoSQL \u201cre:evolution\u201d full circle. It\u2019s wonderful to see the collaborative research from\u00a0UCSD and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":10037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1815,1821,1812],"tags":[1572,1261,1309,1725,1385],"ppma_author":[8929],"class_list":["post-10036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-best-practices-and-tutorials","category-couchbase-architecture","category-n1ql-query","tag-database","tag-json","tag-mongodb","tag-nosql-database","tag-rdbms"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NoSQL Is Dead, Long Live NoSQL - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NoSQL Is Dead, Long Live NoSQL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dynamo accelerated the NoSQL revolution that\u2019s driving the database industry. Recently, Amazon\u00a0announced\u00a0PartiQL &#8211; A SQL-Compatible Query Language\u00a0for their flagship NoSQL database Amazon DynamoDB. This has brought the NoSQL \u201cre:evolution\u201d full circle. It\u2019s wonderful to see the collaborative research from\u00a0UCSD and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Couchbase Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-17T03:12:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-14T01:43:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-16-at-5.44.44-PM-1024x574.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"574\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Keshav Murthy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@rkeshavmurthy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Keshav Murthy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Keshav Murthy\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c261644262bf98e146372fe647682636\"},\"headline\":\"NoSQL Is Dead, Long Live NoSQL\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-17T03:12:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-14T01:43:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\"},\"wordCount\":953,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-16-at-5.44.44-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"database\",\"JSON\",\"mongodb\",\"NoSQL Database\",\"RDBMS\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Best Practices and Tutorials\",\"Couchbase Architecture\",\"SQL++ \/ N1QL Query\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/nosql-is-dead-long-live-nosql\/\",\"name\":\"NoSQL Is Dead, Long Live NoSQL - 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Previously, he was at MapR, IBM, Informix, Sybase, with more than 20 years of experience in database design &amp; development. He lead the SQL and NoSQL R&amp;D team at IBM Informix. He has received two President's Club awards at Couchbase, two Outstanding Technical Achievement Awards at IBM. 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