{"id":2200,"date":"2016-10-11T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2016-10-11T00:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2200"},"modified":"2025-10-09T07:19:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T14:19:39","slug":"making-the-most-of-your-arrays-with-array-indexing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/pt\/making-the-most-of-your-arrays-with-array-indexing\/","title":{"rendered":"Aproveitando ao m\u00e1ximo suas matrizes... com a indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de matrizes N1QL"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0O Couchbase 4.5 foi lan\u00e7ado!!<\/strong> Parte 2<\/a> \u00e9 uma continua\u00e7\u00e3o deste blog e inclui a cobertura de \u00edndices de matriz, suporte para mais operadores, como UNNEST, ALL, ANY AND EVERY etc,<\/p>\n

Voc\u00ea tem documentos com matrizes incorporadas e precisa de um meio eficiente de acessar os dados armazenados nessas matrizes? As matrizes s\u00e3o um dos recursos avan\u00e7ados da modelagem de dados NoSQL\/JSON. As matrizes podem armazenar dados com v\u00e1rios valores dentro de um atributo de documento, como v\u00e1rios n\u00fameros de telefone, informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre crian\u00e7as, hor\u00e1rios de voos, an\u00e1lises de produtos, coment\u00e1rios e respostas de blogs etc. Isso n\u00e3o apenas mant\u00e9m todos os dados relevantes juntos no mesmo documento, mas tamb\u00e9m melhora o desempenho da consulta, evitando JOINs desnecess\u00e1rios. As matrizes em documentos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o novidade para o Couchbase ou o N1QL (SQL para JSON), que j\u00e1 tem uma ampla sele\u00e7\u00e3o de constru\u00e7\u00f5es e operadores para armazenar, indexar e processar matrizes.<\/p>\n

O Couchbase 4.5 Developer Preview adiciona suporte para <\/span>Indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de matrizes<\/strong> com a capacidade de indexar e consultar elementos individuais da matriz ou quaisquer objetos\/atributos aninhados na matriz. A indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de matriz melhora muito o desempenho das consultas que envolvem matrizes, especialmente o acesso a valores e atributos dentro da matriz. Ela tamb\u00e9m simplifica o processamento de atributos de matriz no Consultas N1QL<\/a>. Isso representa um grande salto em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s vers\u00f5es anteriores, em que os \u00edndices secund\u00e1rios podiam ser criados e, posteriormente, consultados, mas somente no conte\u00fado de toda a matriz. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vamos ver como a m\u00e1gica funciona. Considere o 'amostra de viagem'<\/em> balde enviado com o produto, e o <\/span>cronograma<\/span> nos documentos com <\/span>tipo = <\/span>“<\/span>rota<\/span>“<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Em vers\u00f5es anteriores, quando um \u00edndice \u00e9 criado em <\/span>cronograma<\/span> a matriz inteira \u00e9 indexada com todo o seu conte\u00fado\/elementos como um \u00fanico valor escalar. Isso significa que tudo o que voc\u00ea v\u00ea na caixa azul no exemplo acima \u00e9 considerado como um \u00fanico valor de \u00edndice. Portanto, mais tarde, quando voc\u00ea consultar o <\/span>cronograma<\/span>o valor total do array precisa ser fornecido no Cl\u00e1usula WHERE<\/em> para usar o \u00edndice. Isso pode ser gerenci\u00e1vel para matrizes simples\/pequenas, mas, em geral, apresenta os seguintes problemas:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de granula\u00e7\u00e3o fina dentro da matriz: <\/span>E se voc\u00ea quiser indexar apenas um subconjunto da matriz, digamos <\/span>voo <\/span>dentro do atributo <\/span>cronograma<\/span> ou apenas para determinados dias?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Tamanho e desempenho do \u00edndice: <\/span>Quando toda a matriz \u00e9 indexada, ela consome mais espa\u00e7o de armazenamento do \u00edndice e leva mais tempo para pesquisar o \u00edndice. A Figura 1 mostra o \u00edndice criado para o atributo <\/span>cronograma <\/span>com a vers\u00e3o anterior \u00e0 4.5.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Pesquisa em matrizes:<\/span> Ao indexar toda a matriz, n\u00e3o podemos pesquisar com efici\u00eancia dados espec\u00edficos dentro da matriz. O aplicativo teria que primeiro buscar\/SELECIONAR o valor total da matriz e depois process\u00e1-lo para encontrar os dados de interesse.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Matrizes de tamanho grande: <\/span>N\u00e3o \u00e9 conveniente (e \u00e0s vezes imposs\u00edvel) fornecer o valor total do array em uma cl\u00e1usula WHERE quando o array tem muitos elementos.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      A indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de arrays no Couchbase 4.5 aborda todos esses problemas e tem aprimoramentos no N1QL e no indexador para aproveitar os arrays indexados. Isso inclui suporte para \u00edndices parciais, arrays aninhados, \u00edndices compostos e operadores como \u00a0<\/span>ANY, IN, WITHIN, DISTINCT ARRAY<\/span>. Vamos dar uma olhada em alguns exemplos:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        Primeiro, crie um \u00edndice de matriz no <\/span>cronograma<\/span> usando o atributo <\/span>ARRAY DISTINTO<\/span> que especifica os elementos exatos do array ou os atributos aninhados a serem usados como chaves de \u00edndice. A instru\u00e7\u00e3o a seguir indexa \"todos os voos programados em dias \u00fateis (ou seja <\/em><\/span>dia <= 5<\/span><\/em>)”<\/em>. Observe que conseguimos criar um \u00edndice em apenas um subconjunto dos elementos da matriz que s\u00e3o de interesse. Portanto, o novo \u00edndice de matriz \u00e9 compacto e eficiente (veja a Figura 2) e armazena apenas as informa\u00e7\u00f5es necess\u00e1rias no \u00edndice.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  CREATE INDEX isched \r\n          ON `travel-sample`(DISTINCT ARRAY v.flight FOR v IN schedule\r\n                             WHEN v.day <= 5 END)\r\n          WHERE type = \"route\";<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          Agora, o \u00edndice pode ser usado em uma instru\u00e7\u00e3o SELECT ou em qualquer outra instru\u00e7\u00e3o DML, especificando as chaves e os predicados do \u00edndice na cl\u00e1usula WHERE. Na vers\u00e3o atual, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio especificar os nomes exatos das vari\u00e1veis<\/strong>, chaves de \u00edndice <\/strong>(como <\/span>v, v.day, v.flight<\/span>), e predicados<\/strong> tais como (<\/span>type = \"route\") <\/span>e<\/span> (v.day = 4) <\/span>que correspondem aos especificados na defini\u00e7\u00e3o de CREATE INDEX<\/strong>. Esse crit\u00e9rio de sele\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00edndice \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para que o N1QL escolha automaticamente o \u00edndice correspondente para processar uma consulta. Como de costume, <\/span>quando<\/span> s\u00e3o criados v\u00e1rios \u00edndices correspondentes, <\/span>A cl\u00e1usula USE INDEX pode ser usada para sugerir que o N1QL use um \u00edndice espec\u00edfico.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          Por exemplo, a consulta a seguir encontra o <\/span> \"n\u00famero de voos da UA programados em 4th<\/sup> dia\"<\/em>  usando o \u00edndice da matriz. A consulta usa o <\/span>iscada<\/span> porque ele segue os requisitos de sele\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00edndices:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            A vari\u00e1vel <\/span>v<\/span> \u00e9 usada, que \u00e9 a vari\u00e1vel exata usada na defini\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00edndice.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            A chave de \u00edndice <\/span>v.voo<\/span> \u00e9 usado na cl\u00e1usula WHERE.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            Ambos os predicados de \u00edndice (<\/span>type = \"route\") <\/span>e<\/span> (v.day = 4)<\/span> s\u00e3o usados na cl\u00e1usula WHERE. Observe que <\/span>(v.day = 4)<\/span>\u00e9 considerado correspondente, porque \u00e9 \"inclu\u00eddo\" por <\/span>(v.day <= 5)<\/span>que \u00e9 especificado na defini\u00e7\u00e3o de CREATE INDEX.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        EXPLAIN SELECT count(*) FROM `travel-sample` \r\n            USE INDEX(isched)\r\n            WHERE type = \"route\" AND \r\n                  ANY v IN schedule SATISFIES  \r\n                      v.flight LIKE \"UA%\" AND v.day = 4 END;\r\n            {\r\n                   \"requestID\": \"90da999e-114d-4f13-ad6f-d4ab30512b1c\",\r\n                   \"signature\": \"json\",\r\n                   \"results\" : [\r\n                  {\r\n                        \"#operator\": \"Sequence\",\r\n                        \"~children\": [\r\n                          {\r\n                              \"#operator\": \"DistinctScan\",\r\n                              \"scans\": [\r\n                                {\r\n                                    \"#operator\": \"IndexScan\",\r\n                                    \"index\": \"isched\",\r\n                                    \"keyspace\": \"travel-sample\",\r\n                                    \"namespace\": \"default\",\r\n                   ...\r\n                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
              \n
            1. Desempenho<\/strong>:  Os \u00edndices de matriz aumentam consideravelmente o desempenho das consultas que podem aproveitar o \u00edndice. Por exemplo, a consulta acima em (2), que usa o \u00edndice de matriz\u00a0\"iscada<\/em>\u00a0levou cerca de 256 ms em meu laptop. No entanto, a consulta a seguir usando o \u00edndice\u00a0'def_type'\u00a0<\/em>levou quase 2,38 segundos. Isso representa um desempenho 9 vezes melhor com \u00edndices de matriz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        SELECT count(*) FROM `travel-sample` \r\n          USE INDEX(def_type)\r\n          WHERE type = \"route\" AND \r\n                ANY v IN schedule SATISFIES\r\n                    v.flight LIKE \"UA%\" AND v.day = 4 END;<\/code><\/pre>\n
              Voc\u00ea pode saber mais sobre indexa\u00e7\u00e3o de array e ver mais exemplos, como \u00edndices de array composto e aninhado, na se\u00e7\u00e3o Couchbase 4.5 documenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>e confira o<\/span> demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
              Experimente e me informe se tiver alguma d\u00favida\/coment\u00e1rio ou se ele \u00e9 incr\u00edvel ;-)<\/span><\/p>\n
              Sa\u00fade!!!<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              \u00a0Couchbase 4.5 is released!! Part2 is a continuation of this blog and it includes covering array indexes, support for more\u00a0operators such as UNNEST, ALL, ANY AND EVERY etc., Do you have documents with embedded arrays and need an efficient means […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1812],"tags":[2012],"ppma_author":[8935],"class_list":["post-2200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-n1ql-query","tag-array-indexing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMaking the most of your Arrays... with N1QL Array Indexing - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/pt\/making-the-most-of-your-arrays-with-array-indexing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Making the most of your Arrays... with N1QL Array Indexing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Couchbase 4.5 is released!! 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