{"id":1751,"date":"2016-04-01T23:29:45","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T23:29:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=1751"},"modified":"2025-06-13T23:43:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T06:43:37","slug":"often-overlooked-linux-os-tweaks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/pt\/often-overlooked-linux-os-tweaks\/","title":{"rendered":"Ajustes do sistema operacional Linux frequentemente negligenciados"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e1 duas configura\u00e7\u00f5es simples no n\u00edvel do sistema operacional Linux que as pessoas parecem estar deixando de configurar corretamente em seus sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Elas est\u00e3o documentadas em outro lugar, mas continuam aparecendo e parece que precisam de uma r\u00e1pida revis\u00e3o aqui. N\u00e3o se trata de uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o super secreta ou de itens m\u00e1gicos de corre\u00e7\u00e3o de desempenho, mas s\u00e3o coisas que, em um banco de dados do Couchbase de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, devem ser configuradas corretamente conforme abaixo e incorporadas ao sistema\/processo que voc\u00ea usa para inicializar os n\u00f3s que usa para o Couchbase. Eles ajudam no desempenho do memcached e no reequil\u00edbrio do desempenho e, em alguns casos, em problemas de estabilidade.<\/p>\n

Certifique-se de test\u00e1-los primeiro em um ambiente de teste antes de passar para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o com eles, obviamente.<\/p>\n

A troca deve ser desativada<\/h2>\n

Este \u00e9 bastante simples se voc\u00ea conhece o sistema de mem\u00f3ria virtual do Linux. Os n\u00edveis de troca informam ao subsistema de mem\u00f3ria virtual o quanto ele deve tentar trocar para o disco. O problema \u00e9 que o sistema tentar\u00e1 trocar itens na mem\u00f3ria mesmo quando houver bastante RAM dispon\u00edvel para o sistema. O padr\u00e3o do sistema operacional geralmente \u00e9 60, o que \u00e9 um pouco agressivo, na minha opini\u00e3o. Voc\u00ea pode ver qual \u00e9 o valor definido para o seu sistema executando o seguinte comando:<\/p>\n

\n
cat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Como o Couchbase \u00e9 ajustado para realmente operar na mem\u00f3ria o m\u00e1ximo poss\u00edvel, voc\u00ea pode ganhar ou, no m\u00ednimo, n\u00e3o perder desempenho simplesmente alterando o valor de swappiness para 0. Voc\u00ea pode ganhar ou, no m\u00ednimo, n\u00e3o perder desempenho simplesmente alterando o valor de swappiness para 0. Em termos n\u00e3o t\u00e9cnicos, isso diz ao subsistema de mem\u00f3ria virtual do sistema operacional para n\u00e3o trocar itens da RAM para o disco, a menos que seja realmente necess\u00e1rio, o que, se voc\u00ea tiver dimensionar seus n\u00f3s corretamente<\/a>A troca n\u00e3o deve ser necess\u00e1ria. Para definir isso, execute o seguinte processo: use o sudo ou torne-se root se voc\u00ea estiver no oeste selvagem.<\/p>\n

\n
# Defina o valor para o sistema em execu\u00e7\u00e3o
\nsudo sh -c 'echo 0 > \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness'<\/p>\n

# Backup do sysctl.conf
\nsudo cp -p \/etc\/sysctl.conf \/etc\/sysctl.conf.`date +%Y%m%d-%H:%M`<\/p>\n

# Defina o valor em \/etc\/sysctl.conf para que ele permane\u00e7a ap\u00f3s a reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.
\nsudo sh -c 'echo \"\" >> \/etc\/sysctl.conf'
\nsudo sh -c '<\/span>echo \"#Set swappiness to 0 to avoid swapping\" >> \/etc\/sysctl.conf'
\nsudo sh -c '<\/span>echo \"vm.swappiness = 0\" >> \/etc\/sysctl.conf'<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Certifique-se de que voc\u00ea tenha ou modifique o processo de cria\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas operacionais para fazer isso. Isso \u00e9 especialmente importante para nuvens p\u00fablicas\/privadas, onde \u00e9 muito f\u00e1cil criar novas inst\u00e2ncias. Voc\u00ea precisa fazer isso parte do seu processo de compila\u00e7\u00e3o para um n\u00f3 do Couchbase.<\/p>\n

Desativar o Transparent Huge Pages (THP)<\/h2>\n

A partir da vers\u00e3o 6 do Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), o que tamb\u00e9m inclui o CentOS 6 e 7, um novo m\u00e9todo padr\u00e3o de gerenciamento de p\u00e1ginas enormes foi implementado no sistema operacional. O Ubuntu tamb\u00e9m tem essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o a partir da vers\u00e3o 12.02, portanto, tamb\u00e9m precisar\u00e1 ser alterado. O THP combina p\u00e1ginas de mem\u00f3ria menores em p\u00e1ginas enormes sem que os processos em execu\u00e7\u00e3o saibam. A ideia \u00e9 reduzir o n\u00famero de pesquisas necess\u00e1rias no TLB e, portanto, aumentar o desempenho. Ele traz uma abstra\u00e7\u00e3o para automa\u00e7\u00e3o e gerenciamento de p\u00e1ginas enormes, basicamente. A engenharia do Couchbase determinou que, sob algumas condi\u00e7\u00f5es,\u00a0O Couchbase Server pode ser afetado negativamente por atrasos graves na aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de p\u00e1ginas quando o THP est\u00e1 ativado<\/strong>.<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Portanto, a Couchbase recomenda que o THP seja desativado em todos os n\u00f3s do Couchbase Server<\/p>\n

Confirme se as configura\u00e7\u00f5es do sistema operacional precisam ser desativadas<\/h3>\n

Verifique o status do THP emitindo os seguintes comandos:<\/p>\n

cat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\ncat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/defrag<\/div>\n

Em algumas variantes do Red Hat ou do Red Hat, talvez voc\u00ea precise fazer isso:<\/p>\n

cat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\ncat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/defrag<\/div>\n

Se, em um ou ambos os arquivos, a sa\u00edda for semelhante a essa, voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 do procedimento abaixo:<\/p>\n

[sempre] madvise nunca<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Copiar o script de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n

O script de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o foi projetado para garantir que as altera\u00e7\u00f5es sejam feitas ao mesmo tempo em que o Couchbase \u00e9 carregado na reinicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash
\n### BEGIN INIT INFO
\n# Fornece: disable-thp
\n# In\u00edcio obrigat\u00f3rio: $local_fs
\n# Parada obrigat\u00f3ria:
\n# In\u00edcio padr\u00e3o: 2 3 4 5
\n# Parada padr\u00e3o: 0 1 6
\n# Descri\u00e7\u00e3o resumida: Desativar THP
\n# Descri\u00e7\u00e3o: desativa o Transparent Huge Pages (THP) na inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o
\n### END INIT INFO<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

caso $1 em
\n\u00a0 in\u00edcio)
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 if [ -d \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage ]; then
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0echo 'never' > \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0echo 'never' > \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/defrag
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 elif [ -d \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage ]; then
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 echo 'never' > \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 echo 'never' > \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/defrag
\n\u00a0 \u00a0mais
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 retorno 0
\n\u00a0 \u00a0fi
\n\u00a0 \u00a0;;
\nesac<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Como registrar o c\u00f3digo no sistema operacional<\/h2>\n

Fa\u00e7a o seguinte:<\/p>\n

Crie um arquivo com o c\u00f3digo acima<\/p>\n

$ sudo vi \/etc\/init.d\/disable-thp<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chmod o arquivo para ser execut\u00e1vel<\/p>\n

$ sudo chmod 755 \/etc\/init.d\/disable-thp<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Execute-o para que ele entre em vigor agora mesmo<\/p>\n

$ sudo service disable-thp start<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Certifique-se de que o script de inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o seja iniciado na inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n

Variantes da Red Hat:<\/p>\n

$ sudo chkconfig disable-thp on<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ubuntu:<\/p>\n

$ sudo update-rc.d disable-thp defaults<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Teste o processo<\/h3>\n

Verifique o status do THP emitindo os seguintes comandos:<\/p>\n

cat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\ncat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/defrag<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Em algumas variantes do Red Hat ou do Red Hat, talvez voc\u00ea precise fazer isso:<\/p>\n

cat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/enabled
\ncat \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/redhat_transparent_hugepage\/defrag<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Para ambos os arquivos, o resultado deve ser o seguinte:<\/p>\n

sempre madvise [nunca]<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: H\u00e1 uma maneira diferente de fazer isso que voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 em outro lugar e que edita o arquivo \/etc\/grub.conf. Meu problema com isso \u00e9 que, no futuro, ele seria eliminado a cada atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel. O que proponho \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil de gerenciar a longo prazo e f\u00e1cil de colocar em algo como um m\u00f3dulo Puppet ou uma receita Chef para anexar ao final do rc.local quando voc\u00ea inicializa um n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

O THP \u00e9 um \u00f3timo recurso para algumas coisas, mas causa problemas com aplicativos como o Couchbase. Ele n\u00e3o \u00e9 o \u00fanico com esse problema. Se voc\u00ea pesquisar na Internet por p\u00e1ginas enormes transparentes, h\u00e1 v\u00e1rios problemas documentados de outros fornecedores de bancos de dados e aplicativos sobre isso. At\u00e9 que se encontre algo que funcione com isso, \u00e9 melhor desativar o THP.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are two simple linux OS level settings that people seem to be overlooking setting correctly on their production systems I have seen. These are documented elsewhere, but they keep coming up and seems like they need some quick review […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9417],"tags":[1352],"ppma_author":[9008],"class_list":["post-1751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-performance","tag-linux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOften Overlooked Linux OS Tweaks - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/pt\/often-overlooked-linux-os-tweaks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Often Overlooked Linux OS Tweaks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are two simple linux OS level settings that people seem to be overlooking setting correctly on their production systems I have seen. 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