{"id":5462,"date":"2026-06-08T10:52:06","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T17:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=5462"},"modified":"2026-06-08T10:52:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T17:52:07","slug":"diskann","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/diskann\/","title":{"rendered":"DiskANN\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694? \uc5b5 \ub2e8\uc704 \ubca1\ud130 \uac80\uc0c9\uc758 \uc774\ud574"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uac80\uc0c9 \uc99d\uac15 \uc0dd\uc131(RAG), \uc2dc\ub9e8\ud2f1 \uac80\uc0c9, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 AI \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0, \uc989 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uad00\ub828\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc784\ubca0\ub529 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc774 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uac1c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ub808\ucf54\ub4dcn\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uc21c\uc218 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ub0b4 \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\ub294 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. DiskANN\uc740 RAM \ub300\uc2e0 SSD\uc5d0 \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uba70, \uc0c1\uc6a9 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6f9 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uac80\uc0c9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-diskann\">\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc564(DiskANN)\uc740 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ubca1\ud130 \uac80\uc0c9\uc744 \uace0\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc640 \uc778\ub3c4 \uacfc\ud559\uc6d0(IISc)\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \ucd5c\ucca8\ub2e8 \uadfc\uc0ac \ucd5c\uadfc\uc811 \uc774\uc6c3(ANN) \uac80\uc0c9 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. RAM \ub300\uc2e0 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\ub834\ud558\uace0 \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc774 \ud070 \uc194\ub9ac\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud14c\uc774\ud2b8 \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ube0c(SSD, Disk)\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ub371\uc2f1\ud558\uace0 \uac80\uc0c9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN<strong> <\/strong>\ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c(Microsoft Research)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uc5ec 2019\ub144 NeurIPS\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \ubc1c\ud45c\ub41c \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uae30\ubc18 \ubca1\ud130 \uac80\uc0c9 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. SSD\ub97c \uc8fc\uc694 \uc800\uc7a5 \ub9e4\uccb4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\uc758 \uc555\ucd95\ub41c \ud45c\ud604\ub9cc RAM\uc5d0 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c, 10\uc5b5 \uac1c \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ubca1\ud130 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uadfc\uc0ac \ubbc1\uadfc\uc811 \uc774\uc6c3(ANN) \uac80\uc0c9\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 HNSW \ubc0f FAISS\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\uac00 DRAM\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc8fc\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 10\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubca1\ud130 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\ubc31 \uae30\uac00\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 RAM\uacfc \ud504\ub85c\ube44\uc800\ub2dd \ubc0f \ud655\uc7a5 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub4dc\ub294 \uc778\ud504\ub77c\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. DiskANN\uc740 \uc778 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \uacbd\uc7c1\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uc7ac\ud604\uc728(recall) \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04(latency) \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \uae68\ub728\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uae30\ubc18 \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c \uacc4\uce35 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uad6c\ucd95 \ubc29\ubc95\uc778 Vamana \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ucd95\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc6d0\ubb38\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ubca4\uce58\ub9c8\ud06c <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/2019\"><strong>NeurIPS 2019 \ub17c\ubb38<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>10\uc5b5 \uc774\uc0c1<\/strong> 64GB RAM\uc774 \ud0d1\uc7ac\ub41c \ub2e8\uc77c \uba38\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc0c9\uc778\ub41c \ubca1\ud130\ub4e4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5-10x<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 DRAM \uc804\uc6a9 \uc194\ub8e8\uc158 \ub300\ube44 \uba38\uc2e0\ub2f9 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubca1\ud130<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5 ms \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/strong> SIFT-1B \ubca4\uce58\ub9c8\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c 95%+ \ub9ac\ucf5c\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \ucffc\ub9ac \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc758 \ubca1\ud130 \uac80\uc0c9 \uc778\ud504\ub77c\uc758 \uae30\ubc18(Bing \ubc0f Microsoft 365\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub428)\uc774\uba70 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc44\ud0dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/products\/releases\/\">\uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4<\/a>, Azure Cosmos DB, Azure Database for PostgreSQL, TimescaleDB\uc758 pgvectorscale \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-diskann-works\">\ub514\uc2a4\ud06cANN\uc774 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN\uc740 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc0f \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc744 \uc704\ud55c Vamana \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc640 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ub0b4 \ubca1\ud130 \uc555\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc591\uc790\ud654(PQ)\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ubc14\ub9c8\ub098(Vamana) \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uad6c\ucd95 \uc911:<\/strong> \ubc14\ub9c8\ub098(Vamana)\ub294 \uac01 \ub178\ub4dc\uac00 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c \uacc4\uce35 \uc720\ud5a5 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub85c \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ud55c \ud6c4, \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \ud328\uc2a4\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac00\uc9c0\uce58\uae30(pruning)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\uc81c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud328\uc2a4\ub294 \uc911\ubcf5\ub41c \ub2e8\uac70\ub9ac \uc5d0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uace0, \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud328\uc2a4\ub294 \uac80\uc0c9 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub4dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc911 \ud649 \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc5c6\uc774 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc758 \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc601\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc7a5\uac70\ub9ac \uc5d0\uc9c0\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. HNSW\uc758 \ub2e4\uc911 \uacc4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac, DiskANN\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c \uacc4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud604 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RAM\/SSD \ubd84\ud560:<\/strong> PQ\ub85c \uc555\ucd95\ub41c \ubca1\ud130(\uc608: 128\ucc28\uc6d0 float32 \ubca1\ud130\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 512\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8 \ub300\ube44 32\ubc14\uc774\ud2b8)\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \ub300\ub7b5\uc801 \uac70\ub9ac \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 RAM\uc5d0 \uce90\uc2dc\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4 Vamana \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ubc0f \uace0\uc815\ubc00 \ubca1\ud130\ub294 SSD\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc8fc\ud558\uba70 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc7ac\uc21c\uc704\ud654(reranking)\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \uc77d\ud600\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ucffc\ub9ac \uc2e4\ud589:<\/strong> \uac80\uc0c9\uc740 \ub450 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 RAM\uc758 PQ \uc555\ucd95 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\uace0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc77d\uae30 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud6c4\ubcf4 \uc9d1\ud569\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ud574\ub2f9 \ud6c4\ubcf4 \uc9d1\ud569\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 SSD\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc815\ubc00 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc640 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub450 \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc124\uacc4\ub294 RAM \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub0ae\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub192\uc740 \uc7ac\ud604\uc728\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uacb0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>FreshDiskANN<\/strong> \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 Vamana \uad6c\ud604\uc740 \uc815\uc801 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8 \ub9ac\uc11c\uce58(Microsoft Research)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \ud6c4\uc18d \uae30\uc220\uc778 FreshDiskANN\uc740 DiskANN\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uccb4 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \uc7ac\uad6c\ucd95 \uc5c6\uc774\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc0bd\uc785, \uc0ad\uc81c \ubc0f \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc740 95% \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ub9ac\ucf5c\ub960\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \ucd94\ucc9c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub098 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ubb38\uc11c \uc800\uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ubc0d \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diskann-vs-hnsw-vs-ivf\">DiskANN \ub300 HNSW \ub300 IVF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN, HNSW, IVF\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud504\ub85c\ub355\uc158 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc8fc\ub41c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 ANN \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \uc720\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\uc564(\ubc14\ub9c8\ub098)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>HNSW<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\uccb4\uc678\uc218\uc815<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc8fc\uae30\uc5b5\uc7a5\uce58<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SSD + \uc18c\ud615 RAM \uce90\uc2dc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">RAM (\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc804\uccb4 \uc0c9\uc778)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">RAM \ub610\ub294 \uac1d\uccb4 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc9c0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ucd5c\ub300 \uc2e4\uc6a9 \uaddc\ubaa8<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubca1\ud130<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1\uc5b5~2\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubca1\ud130 (RAM \uc81c\ud55c\ub428)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uc218\uc5b5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ucffc\ub9ac \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ub0ae\uc74c (\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 5-15 ms)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc74c(1-5 ms)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uc911\uac04 \uc774\ud558<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ub0ae\uc74c (RAM\uc5d0\uc11c PQ \uc555\ucd95\ub428)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ub192\uc74c (DRAM \ub0b4 \uc804\uccb4 \ubca1\ud130)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uc911\uac04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">FreshDiskANN\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uae30\ubcf8 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ub428<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ube44\uc2fc (\uc7ac\uad6c\ucd95)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ud544\ud130\ub9c1\ub41c \uac80\uc0c9<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ud544\ud130\ub9c1\ub41c DiskANN\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ud6c4\ucc98\ub9ac \ud544\ud130\ub9c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\uac15\ud55c\ud615 (IVF \ubcc0\ud615)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>~\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc88b\uc740<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ube44\uc6a9 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uaddc\ubaa8 RAG, \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8, \ucd94\ucc9c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ucd08\uc800\uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uace0 RAM\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\ud544\ud130 \ube44\uc728\uc774 \ub192\uc740(&gt;85%) \ud544\ud130\ub9c1 \uac80\uc0c9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc774 RAM\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac08 \uacbd\uc6b0(\ubca1\ud130 \uc218 \uc57d 1\uc5b5 \uac1c \ubbf8\ub9cc), HNSW\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca1\ud130 \uc218\uac00 \uc218\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uac70\ub098 RAM \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc81c\uc57d \uc694\uc778\uc774 \ub420 \ub54c\ub294 DiskANN\uc774 \ub354 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud0dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac80\uc0c9 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b \uc911 85%+\uac00 \ud544\ud130\ub9c1\ub418\ub294 \uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, IVF \ubcc0\ud615 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub450 \ubc29\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub450\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc131\ub2a5 \ubc0f \ubca4\uce58\ub9c8\ud06c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc6d0\ubcf8 NeurIPS 2019 \uacb0\uacfc (\ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8 \ub9ac\uc11c\uce58):<\/strong> SIFT-1B \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b(10\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 128\ucc28\uc6d0 \ubca1\ud130)\uc5d0\uc11c DiskANN\uc740 64GB RAM\uacfc NVMe SSD\ub97c \ud0d1\uc7ac\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c 95%+ recall@1 \uc870\uac74 \ud558\uc5d0 5,000 QPS\ub97c \ub2ec\uc131\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ud3c9\uade0 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 5ms \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\ub4f1\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c DRAM \uae30\ubc18 \uc194\ub8e8\uc158\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\ub2f9 5~10\ubc30 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ud558\uc774\ud37c\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ubca4\uce58\ub9c8\ud06c (2025\ub144 10\uc6d4):<\/strong> Couchbase 8.0\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc785\ub41c Couchbase\uc758 Vamana\/DiskANN \uae30\ubc18 \ud558\uc774\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\ub294 10\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubca1\ud130 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c VectorDBBench\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubca4\uce58\ub9c8\ud06c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd08\ub2f9 700+ \ucffc\ub9ac<\/strong> 93% \ub9ac\ucf5c \uc2dc 1\ucd08 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uae30\ub85d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>350\ubc30 \ub354 \ube60\ub984<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c 89% \ub9ac\ucf5c \uc2dc \ud3c9\uade0 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 40\ucd08\ub97c \ub118\uc73c\uba70 2 QPS\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c MongoDB Atlas\ubcf4\ub2e4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DiskANN \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RAG<\/strong> \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\uc11c \uccad\ud06c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5d4\ud130\ud504\ub77c\uc774\uc988 RAG \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 RAM\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ud504\ub77c \uc5c6\uc774\ub3c4 \ub192\uc740 \uc7ac\ud604\uc728(recall)\uc758 \uac80\uc0c9\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. DiskANN\uc740 \ud504\ub86c\ud504\ud2b8 \ucf58\ud150\uce20\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub860\uc801 \ucee4\ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0\uac00 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>AI \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8\uc640 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc801 \uae30\uc5b5:<\/strong> \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2f1 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \uae30\ub85d, \uc120\ud638\ub3c4, \uc791\uc5c5 \ucee8\ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ubca1\ud130\ub85c \ucd95\uc801\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. DiskANN\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8\ub294 RAM\uc774 \ubcd1\ubaa9 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ubb34\ud55c\uc815 \ucee4\uc9c0\ub294 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ucf54\ud37c\uc2a4\ub97c \uac80\uc0c9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc758\ubbf8 \uae30\ubc18 \uac80\uc0c9 \ubc0f \ucd94\ucc9c:<\/strong> \uc218\uc5b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ud15c\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc0c1\uac70\ub798, \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4, \uc5d4\ud130\ud504\ub77c\uc774\uc988 \uac80\uc0c9 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc740 DiskANN\uc758 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub7c9\uacfc \uc7ac\ud604\uc728 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\uc810\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 Filtered-DiskANN\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0ac\uc804 \ud544\ud130\ub9c1\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\ub420 \ub54c \ub354\uc6b1 \uadf8\ub807\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc6b0\uc120 \ubc0f \uc628\ud504\ub808\ubbf8\uc2a4 AI:<\/strong> \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub41c \ud658\uacbd \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c, \ub85c\uceec SSD \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 DiskANN\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/enhancing-genai-for-privacy-and-performance\/\"> \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638 \uc0dd\uc131\ud615 AI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158<\/a> \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \ud638\uc2a4\ud305 \ubc0f \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 RAM \uc9d1\uc57d\uc801 \ud074\ub7ec\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc640 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc758 DiskANN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ud558\uc774\ud37c\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4:<\/strong> \uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 8.0\uc740 Vamana + IVF \ud558\uc774\ube0c\ub9ac\ub4dc \uad6c\ud604 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc778 \ud558\uc774\ubc84\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c \ubca1\ud130 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4(HVI)\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/products\/capella\/\"> \uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uce74\ud3a0\ub77c<\/a> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc790\uccb4 \uad00\ub9ac\ud615 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc0b0 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud30c\ud2f0\uc158\ub41c \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uba70, \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ub9e8\ud2f1 \ucee4\ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c RAG \uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc758 Azure Cosmos DB \ubc0f PostgreSQL\uc6a9 Azure Database:<\/strong> Azure Cosmos DB\ub294 NoSQL API\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca1\ud130 \uac80\uc0c9\uc744 \uad6c\ub3d9\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 DiskANN\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Azure Database for PostgreSQL\uc740 pgvector\uc758 HNSW \ubc0f IVFFlat\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c Vamana \uae30\ubc18 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ubc00\ubc84\uc2a4(Milvus)\uc640 \uc9c8\ub9ac\uc988(Zilliz):<\/strong> Milvus\ub294 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uae30\ubc18\uc758 Vamana \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc640 RAM\uc758 PQ \uc555\ucd95 \ubca1\ud130\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2ed\uc5b5 \ub2e8\uc704 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc744 \uc704\ud574 DiskANN\uc744 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \ub0b4 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ud0c0\uc785(DISKANN)\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uc624\ud508 \uc18c\uc2a4 \ubca1\ud130 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Zilliz Cloud\ub294 Milvus\uc758 \uc644\uc804 \uad00\ub9ac\ud615 \uc5d4\ud130\ud504\ub77c\uc774\uc988 \ubc84\uc804\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>pgvectorscale (\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c\ub514\ube44):<\/strong> pgvectorscale\uc740 Timescale\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c PostgreSQL \ud655\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5\uc73c\ub85c, StreamingDiskANN\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4 \ubc0f \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ubc0d \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DiskANN \ud29c\ub2dd \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc7ac\ud604\uc728 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ucc98\ub9ac\ub7c9 \uac04\uc758 \uc808\ucda9 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd5c\ub300 \ucc28\uc218:<\/strong> \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \ub178\ub4dc\ub2f9 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc544\uc6c3\uc5e3\uc9c0 \uc218. \uac12\uc774 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc7ac\ud604\uc728\uc740 \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc778\ub371\uc2a4 \ud06c\uae30\uc640 SSD \uc77d\uae30\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ubcf8\uac12: 56.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac80\uc0c9\ubaa9\ub85d\ud06c\uae30:<\/strong> \uac80\uc0c9 \uc911 \ud6c4\ubcf4 \ubaa9\ub85d \ud06c\uae30. \ub192\uc740 \uc7ac\ud604\uc728\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5(RAG, \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac)\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 150-200\uc73c\ub85c \ub298\ub9ac\uace0, \ucd5c\ub300 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub7c9\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 100\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uc138\uc694. \uae30\ubcf8\uac12: 100.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PQ\ucf54\ub4dc\uc608\uc0b0GB\ube44\uc728:<\/strong> RAM \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc9c0\uc5f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 0.2\ub85c \ub298\ub9ac\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624. \uae30\ubcf8\uac12: 0.125.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube54\ub108\ube44\ube44\uc728:<\/strong> \ucffc\ub9ac \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \ubcd1\ub82c SSD \uc77d\uae30. \uace0\ucc98\ub9ac\ub7c9 \uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c QPS\ub97c \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc0c1\ud5a5 \uc870\uc815(6.0-8.0)\ud558\uc138\uc694. \uae30\ubcf8\uac12: 4.0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc9d5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, 10\uc5b5 \uac1c\uc758 128\ucc28\uc6d0 float32 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc57d 750GB~1TB\uc758 NVMe SSD(\uc804\uccb4 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4 \ubca1\ud130\uc6a9 512GB + \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uc5d0\uc9c0\uc6a9 \uc57d 224GB)\uc640 PQ \uce90\uc2dc\uc6a9 64~128GB\uc758 RAM\uc744 \uc608\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a1\uc73c\uc138\uc694. DiskANN\uc740 CPU \ubc14\uc6b4\ub4dc(CPU-bound)\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ubc30\ud3ec \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 8~16\ucf54\uc5b4\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc8fc\uc694 \ub0b4\uc6a9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DiskANN addresses the fundamental economic problem of in-memory ANN indexing by using inexpensive SSDs rather than expensive RAM. By combining the Vamana graph construction algorithm with product quantization, it achieves recall and latency competitive with in-memory approaches at a fraction of the infrastructure cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DiskANN is a graph-based ANN algorithm from Microsoft Research (NeurIPS 2019) that is built on the Vamana directed graph construction algorithm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It stores the full index and full-precision vectors on SSD, caching only PQ-compressed vectors in RAM for fast approximate routing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It indexes 1B+ vectors on a single machine with 64GB RAM, achieving 95%+ recall@1 with sub-5 ms latency on the SIFT-1B benchmark.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DiskANN indexes 5-10x more vectors per machine than DRAM-only algorithms at equivalent latency, directly reducing infrastructure cost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It&#8217;s the right choice when datasets exceed 100-200M vectors or when RAM cost is a constraint. HNSW is preferable for smaller latency-critical workloads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FreshDiskANN extends DiskANN to support real-time inserts, deletes, and updates without full index rebuilds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Couchbase&#8217;s Hyperscale Vector Index delivers 700+ QPS at 93% recall at billion-vector scale. This is 350x faster than MongoDB Atlas in independent VectorDBBench testing.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uad00\ub828 \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/couchbase-8-hyperscale-ai\/\">\uce74\uc6b0\uce58\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 8.0: \ud558\uc774\ud37c\uc2a4\ucf00\uc77c AI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud1b5\ud569 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.couchbase.com\/cloud\/vector-index\/hyperscale-vector-index.html\">Vector Search Using Hyperscale Vector Indexes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/products\/ai-services\/\">AI Services in Capella<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/products\/vector-search\/\">Vector Search Database<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/rag-app-vector-ios\/\">How I Built a Plant RAG Application With Couchbase Vector Search on iOS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/ko\/use-cases\/artificial-intelligence\/\">Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Cases<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is the Vamana algorithm, and how does it differ from HNSW? <\/strong>Vamana builds a single-layer directed graph, while HNSW builds a multi-layer hierarchy. HNSW&#8217;s structure requires the entire index to be in RAM for efficient pointer traversal. Vamana&#8217;s single-layer design, with explicit long-range edges added during construction, enables the same fast navigation from disk without the RAM dependency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How does product quantization work in DiskANN, and why is it necessary? <\/strong>PQ compresses each vector into a compact code (typically 16-32x smaller) by dividing it into sub-vectors and mapping each to a learned centroid. DiskANN stores these codes in RAM for fast approximate routing, then fetches full-precision vectors from SSD only for final reranking, keeping the in-memory footprint tractable even at billion-vector scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What are DiskANN&#8217;s limitations, and when is it not the best choice? <\/strong>DiskANN is less suitable for small datasets (under ~10M vectors), where HNSW offers lower latency with less overhead. It\u2019s also less suitable for workloads with very high filter ratios (85-98%), where IVF variants outperform graph-based indexes. Query latency is also highly sensitive to disk speed, and SATA SSDs will significantly underperform NVMe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do I estimate hardware requirements for a DiskANN deployment? <\/strong>For a 1B 128-dimensional float32 dataset, budget roughly 750GB-1TB of NVMe SSD (512GB for vectors plus ~224GB for graph edges) and 64-128GB of RAM for the PQ cache. DiskANN is I\/O-bound rather than CPU-bound, so 8-16 cores are sufficient for most production deployments.<strong>Which databases support DiskANN? <\/strong>DiskANN is available in Couchbase 8.0 (Hyperscale Vector Index, benchmarked at 700+ QPS at billion-vector scale), Azure Cosmos DB, Azure Database for PostgreSQL, Milvus\/Zilliz Cloud, and TimescaleDB&#8217;s pgvectorscale. Microsoft also uses DiskANN in Bing and Microsoft 365, making it the most widely deployed billion-scale vector search algorithm in enterprise infrastructure today.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), semantic search, and AI agents all depend on one thing: the ability to quickly find the most relevant vectors in a large dataset. As embedding datasets grow from millions to billions of records, purely in-memory vector indexes become financially unsustainable. DiskANN solves this problem by storing vector indexes on SSD rather than [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81637,"featured_media":5463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_acf":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[715],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1022],"class_list":["post-5462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vector-search"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is DiskANN? Billion-Scale Vector Search Explained - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DiskANN is a graph-based vector search algorithm that indexes billions of vectors on SSD with high recall and millisecond latency. 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