{"id":4038,"date":"2024-09-06T10:26:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T17:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/couchbase-xdcr-transactions\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T10:26:55","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T17:26:55","slug":"couchbase-xdcr-transactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/couchbase-xdcr-transactions\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding How Transactions Work in Cross Data Center Replications (XDCR)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Couchbase ofrece una impresionante variedad de herramientas y funciones potentes dentro de sus servicios de plataforma. En particular, <\/span>Replicaci\u00f3n entre centros de datos<\/span><\/a> garantiza una replicaci\u00f3n de datos fluida en diversas geograf\u00edas, mientras que las transacciones ACID respaldan de manera s\u00f3lida las cargas de trabajo transaccionales, mejorando tanto la confiabilidad como la eficiencia.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muchos clientes suelen encontrarse con una pregunta com\u00fan: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 hay una diferencia en el recuento de documentos entre los cl\u00fasteres de origen y destino al utilizar transacciones y la Replicaci\u00f3n entre Centros de Datos (XDCR)? Ciertos tipos de documentos nunca aparecen en el cl\u00faster de destino, lo que genera confusi\u00f3n sobre si este problema est\u00e1 relacionado con XDCR. Antes de profundizar en los mecanismos subyacentes, aclaremos primero algunos t\u00e9rminos clave.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es XDCR?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

XDCR facilita la replicaci\u00f3n de datos entre bases de datos o <\/span>cubetas<\/span><\/a> que pueden residir en diferentes cl\u00fasteres, proveedores de nube o centros de datos. XDCR tambi\u00e9n admite la replicaci\u00f3n intracl\u00faster, lo que permite la replicaci\u00f3n de datos entre diferentes bases de datos dentro del mismo cl\u00faster.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dise\u00f1ado para cl\u00fasteres de bases de datos distribuidos geogr\u00e1ficamente, XDCR protege contra fallas de centros de datos y admite alta disponibilidad con configuraciones de cl\u00faster activo-activo. El protocolo subyacente utilizado por XDCR es el Protocolo de Cambio de Datos (DCP), que tambi\u00e9n se emplea para la replicaci\u00f3n intracl\u00faster, lo que garantiza una replicaci\u00f3n de memoria a memoria de baja latencia.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XDCR ofrece operaciones unidireccionales y bidireccionales y admite la replicaci\u00f3n activa-activa con resoluci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica de conflictos. Tambi\u00e9n permite la replicaci\u00f3n filtrada para replicar subconjuntos de documentos seg\u00fan las necesidades del cl\u00faster de destino.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las transacciones?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Una transacci\u00f3n es una \u00fanica unidad l\u00f3gica de trabajo que consta de m\u00faltiples operaciones de base de datos que se ejecutan en su totalidad o no se ejecutan en absoluto. Las transacciones de Couchbase permiten <\/span>\u00c1CIDO<\/span><\/a> acciones (at\u00f3micas, consistentes, aisladas y duraderas) en la base de datos. Couchbase admite transacciones ACID distribuidas de m\u00faltiples documentos y nodos a gran escala sin sacrificar el rendimiento ni la alta disponibilidad.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un registro de transacci\u00f3n activa?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En Couchbase, los datos dentro de una base de datos o bucket se dividen en contenedores l\u00f3gicos llamados <\/span>vbucket<\/span><\/a>, cada uno ubicado en un solo nodo. Cada cubo de servidor Couchbase tiene 1024 vbuckets (64 en MacOS). Los Registros de Transacciones Activas (ATR) son documentos de metadatos en cada vbucket que registran cada intento de transacci\u00f3n activa, indicando si un intento ha sido confirmado. Las entradas ATR sirven como interruptores para marcar las transacciones como confirmadas. Los ATR son creados y mantenidos por Couchbase autom\u00e1ticamente y se pueden identificar f\u00e1cilmente por su prefijo <\/span>_txn:atr-<\/span>. Estos registros se pueden ver, pero no deben ser alterados por los usuarios o las aplicaciones.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo replica XDCR los documentos de transacciones?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En Couchbase, las transacciones se limitan a un solo cl\u00faster primario y no se admiten transacciones para la configuraci\u00f3n activo-activo. Una transacci\u00f3n puede implicar m\u00faltiples intentos, cada uno de los cuales crea una entrada en un documento ATR. Estas entradas son cruciales como fuentes \u00fanicas de verdad para los intentos. Los ATR residen en la colecci\u00f3n predeterminada del segmento del primer documento mutado, a menos que se especifique lo contrario. Cada colecci\u00f3n utilizada para los ATR contendr\u00e1 eventualmente 1,024 documentos ATR. Durante la fase de preparaci\u00f3n, las mutaciones dentro de una transacci\u00f3n se almacenan temporalmente en el documento <\/span>atributos extendidos<\/span><\/a> propiedad (XATTRs), permaneciendo invisible para el cl\u00faster de Couchbase hasta la fase de confirmaci\u00f3n. La intenci\u00f3n de escritura en una transacci\u00f3n se especifica en los XATTRs del documento y act\u00faa como un bloqueo de escritura, impidiendo que otros clientes modifiquen el mismo documento hasta que la transacci\u00f3n sea confirmada o abortada. Estas intenciones de escritura funcionan como bloqueos exclusivamente para el cl\u00faster principal.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XDCR replica los datos del cl\u00faster de origen al de destino de forma as\u00edncrona, lo que admite la consistencia eventual para las actualizaciones transaccionales. Es por ello que una confirmaci\u00f3n (commit) en el cl\u00faster de origen no garantiza que la transacci\u00f3n se haya replicado a trav\u00e9s de XDCR. Una vez que se confirma una transacci\u00f3n en el cl\u00faster de origen, las actualizaciones se replican al cl\u00faster de destino una por una. Esto significa que una transacci\u00f3n confirmada en el cl\u00faster de origen no garantiza una confirmaci\u00f3n inmediata en el cl\u00faster de destino. En caso de conmutaci\u00f3n por error (failover), una transacci\u00f3n confirmada puede perderse si no se confirma en el destino antes de dicha conmutaci\u00f3n por error; por lo tanto, las aplicaciones deben esperar a que se completen todas las solicitudes pendientes o abortarlas antes de pasar al cl\u00faster secundario.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasos de la replicaci\u00f3n transaccional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los siguientes pasos describen la l\u00f3gica de las transacciones y la replicaci\u00f3n de datos mediante XDCR:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Inicio de intento de transacci\u00f3n<\/b>Cada intento de transacci\u00f3n por parte de la aplicaci\u00f3n (SDK) crea una entrada en el ATR, funcionando como un bloqueo virtual. Realizado en ambos nodos, pero mostrado en uno en la imagen de abajo por simplicidad.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n
  2. Preparar cambios<\/b>Los cambios transaccionales se almacenan temporalmente en los XATTRs de los documentos de destino, sin afectar los cuerpos de los documentos. Esto puede abarcar m\u00faltiples nodos y documentos. Estos cambios temporales act\u00faan como un bloqueo contra cualquier otra transacci\u00f3n en estos documentos.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n
  3. Compromiso<\/b>Una vez que la l\u00f3gica de la transacci\u00f3n se ejecuta por completo, el intento de transacci\u00f3n se confirma (commit), actualizando la entrada del intento en el ATR (lo cual se realiza en ambos nodos, pero se muestra en uno en la imagen a continuaci\u00f3n por simplicidad) y se actualiza la lista de IDs de documentos involucrados en la transacci\u00f3n. Los actores transaccionales pueden leer la informaci\u00f3n actualizada desde los XATTRs si es necesario.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n
  4. Finalizando cambios<\/b>Los cambios transaccionales se trasladan de los XATTRs del documento a los cuerpos de los documentos (realizado por el SDK pero mostrado directamente en la imagen a continuaci\u00f3n por simplicidad)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n
  5. Finalizaci\u00f3n y limpieza<\/b>: El intento de transacci\u00f3n se marca como \u2018Completado\u2019 y se elimina del ATR.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n
  6. Replicaci\u00f3n<\/b>Los cambios del documento reci\u00e9n actualizado se replican uno por uno en el cl\u00faster de destino mediante XDCR.<\/span><\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    XDCR es una herramienta potente para la replicaci\u00f3n entre diferentes centros de datos y regiones, que admite tanto la replicaci\u00f3n unidireccional como la bidireccional con consistencia eventual para los cambios transaccionales. Por dise\u00f1o, los cambios no confirmados en una transacci\u00f3n y los metadatos para registrar transacciones nunca se env\u00edan a los cl\u00fasteres de destino, lo que garantiza la integridad y la consistencia de los datos en los entornos replicados.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Comprender estos mecanismos puede ayudar a aclarar por qu\u00e9 ciertos documentos podr\u00edan no aparecer en el cl\u00faster de destino de inmediato, ya que dependen de los estados transaccionales y los procesos de replicaci\u00f3n descritos anteriormente.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n



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    Couchbase offers an impressive array of powerful tools and features within its platform services. Notably, Cross Data Centre Replication ensures seamless data replication across various geographies, while ACID transactions robustly support transaction workloads, enhancing both reliability and efficiency. Many customers often encounter a common question: Why is there a difference in document counts between the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85517,"featured_media":4035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_acf":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[179,54,28,359],"tags":[605,884],"ppma_author":[885],"class_list":["post-4038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-couchbase-architecture","category-couchbase-server","category-xdcr","category-transactions","tag-cloud-data-replication","tag-dcp"],"yoast_head":"\nUnderstanding How Transactions Work in Cross Data Center Replications (XDCR) - The Couchbase Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how Couchbase XDCR and transactions handle data replication and why document counts may differ between source and destination clusters\" \/>\n<meta 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