{"id":2401,"date":"2016-10-01T17:53:27","date_gmt":"2016-10-01T17:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2401"},"modified":"2025-06-13T19:58:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T02:58:50","slug":"access-denied-or-access-lost-some-tips-on-sync-gateway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/access-denied-or-access-lost-some-tips-on-sync-gateway\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfAcceso denegado o acceso perdido? Algunos consejos sobre Sync Gateway"},"content":{"rendered":"

El plan para esta entrada de blog comenz\u00f3 con el deseo de aclarar un detalle particular acerca de c\u00f3mo Couchbase Mobile's\u00a0Pasarela de sincronizaci\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0se encarga de eliminar el acceso de un cliente a un documento. Voy a escribir un poco sobre Sync Gateway\u00a0canales<\/a>\u00a0para sentar las bases. Si ya conoce Sync Gateway y los canales, puede saltarse la primera parte.<\/p>\n

Canales de la puerta de sincronizaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

Pasarela de sincronizaci\u00f3n<\/a>la parte \"adhesiva\" del\u00a0Couchbase M\u00f3vil<\/a>\u00a0stack, tiene la capacidad de asignar documentos a algo que llamamos canales. Los canales act\u00faan como mecanismo de organizaci\u00f3n y seguridad.<\/p>\n

Este gr\u00e1fico puede ayudarle a imaginarse c\u00f3mo funcionan los canales. Muestra conceptualmente la idea de Sync Gateway alimentando documentos a los canales durante una replicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\"Symbolic:<\/p>\n

La asignaci\u00f3n de documentos a canales se controla a trav\u00e9s de Sync Gateway\u00a0funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n<\/a>. Cada tubo azul del diagrama representa un canal. Las flechas verdes ilustran la idea de que la funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n puede asignar cualquier documento individual a cualquier n\u00famero de canales.<\/p>\n

Esto le permite agrupar documentos relacionados, facilitando la organizaci\u00f3n del flujo de informaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, puedes crear un canal para cada usuario de una aplicaci\u00f3n. Puedes cambiar el modelo de datos y los documentos todo lo que quieras. S\u00f3lo tienes que etiquetar cada documento con el id de usuario.<\/p>\n

Los canales son tan \u00fatiles que hemos hecho que la funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n por defecto los cree autom\u00e1ticamente. Asigna un documento a un conjunto de canales bas\u00e1ndose en la presencia de un\u00a0canales<\/code>\u00a0del documento. O, dicho de otro modo, si no proporciona una funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n, Sync Gateway utiliza el siguiente equivalente:<\/p>\n

function (doc) {\r\n   channel(doc.channels);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
(Las funciones de sincronizaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n escritas en JavaScript.\u00a0canal<\/code>\u00a0es una funci\u00f3n definida por Sync Gateway).<\/p>\n
Para utilizar canales, un cliente s\u00f3lo tiene que solicitar los que desee al configurar una replicaci\u00f3n. Pero, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasa con la seguridad? No estar\u00eda bien que cualquier cliente pudiera acceder al canal que quisiera.<\/p>\n
Sync Gateway s\u00f3lo enviar\u00e1 documentos a los clientes autorizados. Esto ocurre por canal. Puede autorizar a un cliente en funci\u00f3n de un identificador de usuario autenticado o de una funci\u00f3n asignada al usuario.<\/p>\n
Este diagrama da una idea visual de c\u00f3mo la asignaci\u00f3n de canales (realizada por Sync Gateway), las solicitudes de acceso a canales (realizadas por un cliente mientras se ejecuta una replicaci\u00f3n) y la autorizaci\u00f3n se combinan para determinar qu\u00e9 documentos puede extraer un cliente.<\/p>\n
\"Venn<\/p>\n
El c\u00edrculo azul representa los canales a los que la funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n asigna un documento. El c\u00edrculo amarillo representa los canales que solicita un cliente. Por \u00faltimo, el c\u00edrculo rojo representa los canales a los que un usuario o rol tiene autorizaci\u00f3n para acceder. La secci\u00f3n verde representa los documentos que recibir\u00e1 el cliente.<\/p>\n
Uno, no espere, Dos Tricky Bits<\/h2>\n
La descripci\u00f3n anterior puede parecer muy sencilla. Hay mucho m\u00e1s que entender acerca de Sync Gateway y c\u00f3mo se puede configurar. Quiero terminar hablando de dos casos que tienden a hacer tropezar a la gente.<\/p>\n
Lectura frente a escritura<\/h4>\n
Observe que la relaci\u00f3n entre un cliente y Sync Gateway aqu\u00ed no es sim\u00e9trica. Sync Gateway se encarga de alimentar los documentos en funci\u00f3n de los canales. Los clientes no. Esto tiene el resultado aparentemente extra\u00f1o de que un cliente puede empujar (escribir) un documento que no puede tirar (leer). (Decimos push y pull para indicar que se est\u00e1 produciendo una replicaci\u00f3n, y la direcci\u00f3n del flujo de datos).<\/p>\n
Digamos que estamos usando la funci\u00f3n de sincronizaci\u00f3n por defecto, y autorizamos la extracci\u00f3n bas\u00e1ndonos en el id de usuario. El usuario Alice crea un documento y pone \"Bob\" en el campo\u00a0canales<\/code>\u00a0propiedad. Una vez que Alice env\u00eda el documento a Sync Gateway, ya no puede extraerlo. Sync Gateway asigna la nueva revisi\u00f3n al canal de Bob. Alice no puede extraer el documento, pero Bob s\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Acceso perdido<\/h4>\n
He aqu\u00ed otro caso extremo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre si un cliente pierde el acceso a un documento? Como acabamos de ver, el cliente podr\u00eda incluso haberlo provocado.<\/p>\n
Couchbase Mobile utiliza lo que se conoce como control de concurrencia multi-versi\u00f3n para manejar todos los matices que el uso offline y la sincronizaci\u00f3n sofisticada producen. Perder el acceso no es lo mismo que borrar el documento. Adem\u00e1s, el cliente puede tener ya una versi\u00f3n anterior.<\/p>\n
Couchbase maneja esto creando una revisi\u00f3n especial del documento. Es una revisi\u00f3n l\u00e1pida, lo que significa que no tiene contenido. Sin embargo, a diferencia de una l\u00e1pida que marca un documento borrado, este tipo marca el documento como que ha sido eliminado. (Esto aparece en los metadatos del documento).<\/p>\n
Para la mayor\u00eda de los prop\u00f3sitos, Couchbase Lite se comportar\u00e1 como si el documento no existiera. No se mostrar\u00e1 en las consultas, por ejemplo. Sin embargo, todav\u00eda hay formas de recuperarlo. Puedes comprobar si un documento ha sido eliminado llamando a su archivo\u00a0.isGone()<\/code>\u00a0m\u00e9todo. (Ten en cuenta que el tombstone s\u00f3lo se crea cuando un cliente como Couchbase Lite tira del tombstone durante una replicaci\u00f3n).<\/p>\n
Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n
Sync Gateway es una pieza vers\u00e1til de software por derecho propio. Es un componente cr\u00edtico de Couchbase Mobile, clave para resolver algunos de los problemas dif\u00edciles que vienen con una plataforma de datos que soporta completamente el uso fuera de l\u00ednea.<\/p>\n
Espero haber dado una idea de un aspecto de Sync Gateway (canales), junto con un par de consejos importantes. Para sacar el m\u00e1ximo provecho de Sync Gateway, t\u00f3mese su tiempo para explorar la secci\u00f3n\u00a0documentaci\u00f3n<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Posdata<\/h2>\n
Consulte m\u00e1s recursos en nuestra\u00a0portal para desarrolladores<\/a>\u00a0y s\u00edganos en Twitter\u00a0@CouchbaseDev<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Puede enviar preguntas a nuestro\u00a0foros<\/a>. Y participamos activamente en\u00a0Stack Overflow<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Puede seguirme personalmente en\u00a0@HodGreeley<\/a><\/p>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The plan for this blog post started out with wanting to clarify a particular detail about how Couchbase Mobile\u2019s\u00a0Sync Gateway\u00a0component handles removing a client\u2019s access to a document. I\u2019m going to write a bit about Sync Gateway\u00a0channels\u00a0to provide a foundation. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":2757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1810,2366],"tags":[1741],"ppma_author":[9042],"class_list":["post-2401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-couchbase-mobile","category-sync-gateway","tag-channels"],"yoast_head":"\nAccess Denied, or Access Lost? 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