{"id":2334,"date":"2016-07-14T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-14T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2025-06-13T20:59:40","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T03:59:40","slug":"using-full-text-search-fts-in-couchbase-with-the-nodejs-sdk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/using-full-text-search-fts-in-couchbase-with-the-nodejs-sdk\/","title":{"rendered":"Uso de la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo (FTS) en Couchbase con el SDK de Node.js"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuando desarrollo aplicaciones, siempre me encuentro con situaciones en las que necesito buscar un determinado conjunto de texto dentro de un fragmento de datos. Yo, como muchos otros, suelo optar por el camino m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil y hacer una consulta con comodines. Sin embargo, el uso de comodines en una consulta puede reducir considerablemente el rendimiento y la eficacia de la aplicaci\u00f3n o la base de datos. Aqu\u00ed es donde entra en juego la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo (FTS).<\/p>\n

La b\u00fasqueda de texto completo opera sobre \u00edndices de texto completo y es mucho m\u00e1s eficiente que trabajar con comodines cuando se trata de buscar palabras y frases en una base de datos. Hasta ahora para hacer esto posible hab\u00eda que usar otro software de b\u00fasqueda como Solr o ElasticSearch. A partir de Couchbase 4.5, FTS est\u00e1 disponible como vista previa para desarrolladores para llevarlo a una \u00fanica plataforma.<\/p>\n

Vamos a echar un vistazo a c\u00f3mo hacer uso de la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo en una aplicaci\u00f3n Node.js utilizando el SDK de Node.js para Couchbase Server. Lo que viene a continuaci\u00f3n asume que ya tienes Node.js instalado y listo para el desarrollo. Tambi\u00e9n asume que est\u00e1s usando Couchbase Server 4.5 o superior.<\/p>\n

Para mantener las cosas simples vamos a trabajar en un nuevo proyecto Node.js con una historia simple. Empecemos creando un nuevo proyecto en alguna parte de nuestra m\u00e1quina. Voy a llamar a este proyecto curriculum vitae<\/strong>. Como probablemente puedas adivinar por el nombre del proyecto, vamos a crear una aplicaci\u00f3n de tipo parsing para curr\u00edculums de solicitantes de empleo. Podemos utilizar FTS para buscar palabras clave o frases que sean relevantes para determinados puestos de trabajo. Como FTS ofrece puntuaci\u00f3n de b\u00fasqueda, podemos ver qu\u00e9 candidatos podr\u00edan estar m\u00e1s cualificados para el puesto.<\/p>\n

Creaci\u00f3n de un nuevo proyecto Node.js<\/h2>\n

Utilizando un Terminal (Mac y Linux) o un S\u00edmbolo del sistema (Windows), ejecute lo siguiente con el proyecto como directorio activo actual:<\/p>\n

\r\nnpm init -y\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
El comando anterior inicializar\u00e1 un nuevo proyecto Node.js. A partir de ahora, toda la actividad de Terminal y S\u00edmbolo del sistema se realizar\u00e1 con el proyecto como directorio de trabajo actual.<\/p>\n
Vamos a crear m\u00e1s un script Node.js que una aplicaci\u00f3n RESTful. Dicho esto, s\u00f3lo hay un requisito de dependencia, y es el SDK de Couchbase Node.js. Para instalarlo, ejecuta lo siguiente desde el S\u00edmbolo del sistema o Terminal:<\/p>\n
\r\nnpm install couchbase --save\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Aunque no vamos a empezar a codificar todav\u00eda, queremos crear nuestro archivo principal Node.js. Crear app.js<\/strong> en la ra\u00edz de su proyecto.<\/p>\n
Creaci\u00f3n de un \u00edndice de b\u00fasqueda de texto completo<\/h2>\n
Antes de empezar a utilizar la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo, debe crear un \u00edndice especial. Esto puede hacerse desde \u00cdndices -> Texto completo<\/strong> del panel de control administrativo de Couchbase.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
En esta secci\u00f3n deber\u00e1 elegir Nuevo \u00edndice de texto completo<\/strong> y elige el nombre y el cubo sobre el que aplicarlo. Para este ejemplo utilizaremos el por defecto<\/strong> y un \u00edndice de b\u00fasqueda de curr\u00edculum<\/strong>. Nuestro \u00edndice ser\u00e1 muy b\u00e1sico, por lo que les animo a consultar el documentaci\u00f3n<\/a> para que pueda satisfacer mejor sus necesidades.<\/p>\n
Una vez creado el \u00edndice, haga clic en el bot\u00f3n Actualizar. En este punto puedes probarlo a trav\u00e9s del panel de control o de tu propio c\u00f3digo.<\/p>\n
Desarrollo de la aplicaci\u00f3n Node.js<\/h2>\n
S\u00f3lo para reiterar, este proyecto se mantendr\u00e1 bastante simple. Puedes ampliar esta idea y crear una aplicaci\u00f3n completa de evaluaci\u00f3n de curr\u00edculos. Para nosotros, s\u00f3lo estamos ara\u00f1ando la superficie de las posibilidades.<\/p>\n
Abra el archivo app.js<\/strong> e incluya el siguiente c\u00f3digo JavaScript:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar Couchbase = require(\"couchbase\");\r\n\r\nvar cluster = new Couchbase.Cluster(\"couchbase:\/\/localhost\")\r\nvar bucket = cluster.openBucket(\"default\");\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
En lo anterior, estamos importando la dependencia que hemos descargado y estamos estableciendo una conexi\u00f3n con el cl\u00faster Couchbase de nuestra elecci\u00f3n. En este caso se trata de un cl\u00faster de un solo nodo en mi m\u00e1quina local.<\/p>\n
Antes de empezar a realizar operaciones de b\u00fasqueda de texto completo, pensemos en nuestro modelo de datos. Digamos que cada curr\u00edculum es un documento en la base de datos. Por ejemplo, aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 mi curr\u00edculum:<\/p>\n
\r\n{\r\n    \"firstname\": \"Nic\",\r\n    \"lastname\": \"Raboy\",\r\n    \"skills\": [\r\n        \"java\",\r\n        \"node.js\",\r\n        \"golang\",\r\n        \"nosql\"\r\n    ],\r\n    \"summary\": \"\",\r\n    \"social\": {\r\n        \"github\": \"https:\/\/www.github.com\/nraboy\",\r\n        \"twitter\": \"https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/nraboy\"\r\n    },\r\n    \"employment\": [\r\n        {\r\n            \"employer\": \"Couchbase\",\r\n            \"title\": \"Developer Advocate\",\r\n            \"location\": \"San Francisco\"\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
S\u00ed, por supuesto, el anterior no es mi curr\u00edculum real. Es s\u00f3lo un ejemplo para ver con lo que vamos a trabajar. Ahora digamos que queremos encontrar todos los curriculums donde la persona tiene experiencia previa como desarrollador. En Node.js podr\u00edamos crear lo siguiente:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar SearchQuery = Couchbase.SearchQuery;\r\nvar query = SearchQuery.new(\"resume-search\", SearchQuery.match(\"developer advocate\"));\r\nbucket.query(query, function(error, result, meta) {\r\n    if(error) {\r\n        return console.log(\"ERROR: \", error);\r\n    }\r\n    for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {\r\n        console.log({\"id\": result[i].id, \"score\": result[i].score});\r\n    }\r\n    return;\r\n});\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dado que en mi historial laboral figuraba que era Defensor del Desarrollador, mi registro aparecer\u00e1. Sin embargo, la consulta FTS anterior es bastante vaga. Mientras aparezca \"defensor del desarrollador\" en cualquier propiedad del documento, lo sabremos. Tal vez queramos acotarla, concretamente al historial de empleo. En este caso podemos cambiar nuestra B\u00fasquedaQuery<\/code> a lo siguiente:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar query = SearchQuery.new(\"resume-search\", SearchQuery.match(\"developer advocate\").field(\"employment.title\"));\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Obs\u00e9rvese el uso de la campo<\/code> \u00bffunci\u00f3n? Tambi\u00e9n puede utilizar campos<\/code> y pasar un array de campos en los que buscar.<\/p>\n
Hay muchas otras formas de buscar datos utilizando FTS y el SDK de Node.js. Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el uso de FTS, consulta la p\u00e1gina documentaci\u00f3n para desarrolladores<\/a> o el Documentaci\u00f3n de la API de Node.js<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n
Si alguna vez te encuentras en la necesidad de consultar datos comod\u00edn de una manera eficiente, Couchbase y el SDK de Node.js te tiene cubierto con su soporte para la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo (FTS). Hay escenarios mucho m\u00e1s complejos para la b\u00fasqueda de texto completo que los que he dado. Por ejemplo, tal vez quieras empezar a a\u00f1adir condiciones a la b\u00fasqueda o ver informaci\u00f3n de facetas. Todo esto se puede leer en el Portal para desarrolladores de Couchbase<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
When I develop applications I always find myself running into a scenario where I need to search for a particular set of text within a chunk of data. I, like many others, often find myself taking the easy way out […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":13873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1816,2165,1822,1812],"tags":[1505],"ppma_author":[9032],"class_list":["post-2334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-couchbase-server","category-full-text-search","category-node-js","category-n1ql-query","tag-index"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFull Text Search (FTS) in Couchbase with the Node.js SDK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use full text search in a Node.js application using the Node.js SDK for Couchbase Server and what all you should already have installed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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