{"id":13596,"date":"2022-07-26T08:37:35","date_gmt":"2022-07-26T15:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/?p=13596"},"modified":"2025-06-13T17:20:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T00:20:45","slug":"from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"De N1QL a JavaScript y viceversa - Parte 2: Uso b\u00e1sico"},"content":{"rendered":"

El blog anterior<\/span><\/a> le ha presentado nuevas caracter\u00edsticas de las funciones definidas por el usuario de JavaScript.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora vamos a explorarlos con m\u00e1s detalle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comenzamos con un mecanismo b\u00e1sico para ejecutar sentencias N1QL dentro de c\u00f3digo JavaScript.<\/span><\/p>\n

N1QL en JavaScript<\/span><\/h2>\n

Hay dos formas de ejecutar sentencias N1QL dentro de una funci\u00f3n JavaScript: llamando directamente a una funci\u00f3n llamada N1QL(), o dejando que el compilador JavaScript detecte las sentencias N1QL incrustadas y produzca las correspondientes llamadas a N1QL().<\/span><\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n se examina cada m\u00e9todo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ejemplo de requisitos previos<\/span><\/h3>\n

En las secciones siguientes se presentan algunos ejemplos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Estos son totalmente funcionales pero para ejecutarlos necesitar\u00e1s:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
      \n
    • un cl\u00faster Couchbase, versi\u00f3n 7.1 o posterior<\/span><\/li>\n
    • un cubo llamado <\/span>b1<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n
    • un \u00edndice primario en <\/span>b1<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n
    • para crear cada funci\u00f3n en una biblioteca llamada <\/span>udfblog<\/span><\/i>y<\/span><\/li>\n
    • para crear la correspondiente UDF N1QL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Puede utilizar la pesta\u00f1a UDF de la consola web para crear la funci\u00f3n y la UDF.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Funci\u00f3n N1QL()<\/span><\/h2>\n

      En N1QL()<\/em> toma una declaraci\u00f3n en forma de cadena y un segundo par\u00e1metro opcional que contiene valores de marcador de posici\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Todo lo que se necesita para ejecutar una sentencia N1QL que no toma par\u00e1metros y no devuelve valores es lo siguiente:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      y la correspondiente UDF:<\/span><\/p>\n

      CREATE FUNCTION doInsert() LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT AS \"doInsert\" AT \"udfblog\"<\/pre>\n
      (Olvida por un segundo que la funci\u00f3n en s\u00ed no devuelve ning\u00fan valor. Tambi\u00e9n, disculpas por los fragmentos de c\u00f3digo que se muestran como im\u00e1genes, WordPress no le gustaba renderizar estos como texto).<\/span><\/p>\n
      Cuando el N1QL()<\/em> la sentencia pasada en el primer par\u00e1metro se analiza, planifica y ejecuta.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Si la sentencia no devuelve ning\u00fan valor, en el momento en que la funci\u00f3n N1QL regresa, la sentencia ha completado su ejecuci\u00f3n: en este caso concreto, suponiendo que el cubo <\/span>b1<\/span><\/i> existe y una clave <\/span>k1<\/span><\/i> no existe ya, se insertar\u00e1 un nuevo documento.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Si est\u00e1 familiarizado con ESQL\/C's o PL\/SQL's <\/span>EJECUTAR INMEDIATAMENTE<\/span><\/em> declaraci\u00f3n, el N1QL()<\/em> es el equivalente de la UDF de JavaScript.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
      Cuando se devuelven valores, el valor de retorno de N1QL()<\/em> es un iterador de JavaScript, que se puede utilizar para recoger valores de uno en uno, como veremos m\u00e1s adelante.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
      N1QL din\u00e1mico<\/span><\/h3>\n
      Por supuesto, el otro uso del N1QL()<\/em> es construir una sentencia din\u00e1micamente concatenando cadenas, por ejemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n
      \"\"<\/p>\n
      Aunque esto es perfectamente legal, probablemente sea mejor no emplear dicha t\u00e9cnica dado el riesgo de inyecci\u00f3n N1QL (o m\u00e1s generalmente SQL) que conlleva.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Utilice marcadores de posici\u00f3n en su lugar.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Transpilador JavaScript<\/span><\/h2>\n
      La segunda forma de ejecutar N1QL es incrustar la sentencia N1QL en el cuerpo de la funci\u00f3n, y dejar que el transpilador (un componente del compilador JavaScript) lo detecte y construya las llamadas N1QL correctas entre bastidores:<\/span><\/p>\n
      Esto es muy conveniente para ejecutar sentencias est\u00e1ticas inmediatamente, y la funci\u00f3n de repente se vuelve mucho m\u00e1s legible.<\/span><\/p>\n
      \"\"<\/p>\n
      Marcadores de posici\u00f3n y valores de los marcadores de posici\u00f3n de las sentencias N1QL<\/span><\/h2>\n
      La mejor manera de evitar los riesgos asociados con la generaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de N1QL es tener sentencias est\u00e1ticas usando marcadores de posici\u00f3n con nombre o posicionales, y pasando valores de marcadores de posici\u00f3n en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Funci\u00f3n N1QL()<\/span><\/h3>\n
      Al utilizar el N1QL()<\/em> esto puede hacerse pasando los valores en el segundo argumento opcional como se indica a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Par\u00e1metros de posici\u00f3n<\/span><\/h4>\n
      Este caso se cubre pasando un array de valores:<\/span><\/p>\n
      function doInsert() {\r\n    var q = N1QL(\"insert into b1 values(\\\"k4\\\", {\\\"f1\\\": $1})\", [4]);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      Par\u00e1metros con nombre<\/span><\/h4>\n
      En este caso, basta con pasar un objeto cuyo nombre de campo coincida con los nombres de los par\u00e1metros:<\/span><\/p>\n
      function doInsert() {\r\n    var q = N1QL(\"insert into b1 values(\\\"k5\\\", {\\\"f1\\\": $p1})\", { p1: 5});\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      No es posible mezclar par\u00e1metros posicionales y con nombre, el N1QL()<\/em> s\u00f3lo acepta un array o un objeto.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Tenga en cuenta que los valores pasados a N1QL()<\/em> no tienen que ser literales, puedes construir arrays y objetos a partir de variables, o puedes pasar una variable array u objeto:<\/span><\/p>\n
      funci\u00f3n doInsert() {\r\n    let p1 = 6;\r\n    var q = N1QL(\"insert into b1 values(\\\"k6\\\", {\\\"f1\\\": $1})\", [p1]);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      o<\/span><\/p>\n
      funci\u00f3n doInsert() {\r\n    let p1 = [7];\r\n    var q = N1QL(\"insert into b1 values(\\\"k7\\\", {\\\"f1\\\": $1})\", p1);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      Transpiler<\/span><\/h3>\n
      Con el transpilador, s\u00f3lo son posibles los par\u00e1metros con nombre - sin embargo, utilizarlos es tan sencillo como utilizar variables ya declaradas:<\/span><\/p>\n
      funci\u00f3n doInsert() {\r\n    let p1 = 8;\r\n    var q = insert into b1 values(\"k8\", {\"f1\": $p1});\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      Por supuesto, es posible utilizar directamente los par\u00e1metros de las funciones:<\/span><\/p>\n
      funci\u00f3n doInsert(p1) {\r\n    var q = insert into b1 values(\"k9\", {\"k1\": $p1});\r\n}<\/pre>\n
      Y la correspondiente UDF N1QL:<\/span><\/p>\n
      CREATE FUNCTION doInsert(p1) LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT AS \"doInsert\" AT \"udfblog\"<\/pre>\n
      Conclusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n
      Hemos cubierto ejemplos b\u00e1sicos sobre c\u00f3mo utilizar N1QL dentro de funciones javascript, tanto utilizando la funci\u00f3n N1QL()<\/em> e incrustar la sentencia N1QL directamente en JavaScript, y mostrar c\u00f3mo utilizar par\u00e1metros con nombre y posicionales.<\/span><\/p>\n
      La pr\u00f3xima entrada del blog cubrir\u00e1 las sentencias iteradoras y de manipulaci\u00f3n de datos.<\/span><\/p>\n
       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      The previous blog introduced to you new features in JavaScript user-defined functions. We are now going to explore them in more detail. We start with a basic mechanism to execute N1QL statements inside JavaScript code. N1QL in JavaScript There are […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1782,"featured_media":12241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1816,9327,1812],"tags":[2133,1543,8911],"ppma_author":[8924],"class_list":["post-13596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-couchbase-server","category-javascript","category-n1ql-query","tag-functions","tag-javascript","tag-udf"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nN1QL in JavaScript & N1QL() Function (Part 2: Basic Usage)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the previous blog introduced to you new features in JavaScript user-defined functions. We are now going to explore them in more detail. Learn more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From N1QL to JavaScript and Back - Part 2: Basic Usage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the previous blog introduced to you new features in JavaScript user-defined functions. We are now going to explore them in more detail. Learn more.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/es\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Couchbase Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-26T15:37:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-14T00:20:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2021\/10\/denormalization-guide-data-import-rdbms-tables-couchbase-n1ql-queries.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marco Greco, Software Architect, Couchbase\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marco Greco, Software Architect, Couchbase\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marco Greco, Software Architect, Couchbase\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/2b5184a7cdb443ff2897aff0866cd6fd\"},\"headline\":\"From N1QL to JavaScript and Back – Part 2: Basic Usage\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-26T15:37:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-14T00:20:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":714,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2021\/10\/denormalization-guide-data-import-rdbms-tables-couchbase-n1ql-queries.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"functions\",\"javascript\",\"User Defined Function (UDF)\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Couchbase Server\",\"JavaScript\",\"SQL++ \/ N1QL Query\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/\",\"name\":\"N1QL in JavaScript & N1QL() Function (Part 2: Basic Usage)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/from-n1ql-to-javascript-and-back-part-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.couchbase.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1\/2021\/10\/denormalization-guide-data-import-rdbms-tables-couchbase-n1ql-queries.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-26T15:37:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-14T00:20:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"In the previous blog introduced to you new features in JavaScript user-defined functions. 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